CEN CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES questions and answers with solutions 2025

Preload refers to: a. The volume of blood entering the left side of the heart b. The volume of blood entering the right side of the heart c. The pressure in the venous system that the heart must overcome to pump the blood d. The pressure in the arterial system that the heart must overcome to pump the blood - ANSWER b. Preload is the volume of blood that enters the right side of the heart. This volume stretches the fibers in the heart prior to contraction. Preload is commonly measured as atrial pressure. When suctioning during a cardiac arrest, suctioning should be limited to which of the following? a. Less than 5 seconds b. Less than 10 seconds c. Less than 20 seconds d. Less than 30 seconds - ANSWER B. According to the 2010 BLS and ACLS guidelines, suctioning for longer than 10 seconds may result in pulling too much oxygen out of the airways resulting in hypoxemia. You are caring for a 65 year old who collapsed outside of the hospital and was brought in to the emergency department. During CPR, quantitative waveform capnography shows a PETCO2 level < 10 mm HG. Which of the following is the correct response to this finding? a. Do nothing; this is normal. b. Increase the amount of oxygen being delivered. c. Attempt to improve the quality of CPR. d. Decrease the amount of oxygen being delivered. - ANSWER C. Quantitative waveform capnography provides a good indication of the quality of CPR. Levels < 10 mm HG indicate either a problem with the quality of CPR or with the placement of the ETT. EtCO2 levels of ≤10 mmHg predicted death in adult patients with cardiac arrest. Measurement of EtCO2 varies directly with the cardiac output produced by chest compression . Goal is 35-45mmg HG or 5-6% CO2. You are caring for an 85 year old and are having trouble establishing an intravenous line. The ED physician asks for an intraosseous needle to establish an IO line for medication administration. Which of the following is TRUE about the intraosseous route of drug administration? a. It should only be done on ch