ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY/ ARF questions and answers with solutions 2025

Description of Acute Kidney Injury - ANSWER Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the term used to encompass the entire scope of the syndrome, ranging from a slight deterioration in kidney function to severe impairment. AKI happens quickly and results in a rapid loss of kidney function. What happens with Serum Creatinine and Urine output during AKI - ANSWER There is a rise in serum creatinine and a decrease in urine output. Blood flow to the kidneys accounts for 20-25% of cardiac output, and the amount of blood filtered each minute by the glomeruli is known as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR is the best overall index of kidney function. Normal GFR Range - ANSWER Normal GFR is around 125 mL/min. Normal GFR varies according to age, sex, and body size, and it declines with age. Classification used to describe the stages of AKI - ANSWER RIFLE stands for risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage kidney disease. Risk, injury, and failure are the three stages of AKI, while loss and end-stage kidney disease are the two possible outcomes of AKI RIFLE- RISK - ANSWER RISK- Stage Description Serum creatinine increased × 1.5 GFR decreased by 25% Urine Output Criteria Urine output <0.5 mL/kg/hr for 6 hours Clinical Example 68-yr-old African American woman with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, CAD, and CKD She is scheduled to undergo emergency coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) Serum creatinine is 1.8 mg/dL (increased) and the patient's weight is 132 lb (60 kg). Calcula