ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE questions and answers with solutions 2025

ARF - ANSWER Not a disease or condition but an underlying problem! It is a symptom of an underlying problem affecting O2 delivery cardiac output and metabolic needs. ARF results when... - ANSWER One or both gas exchanging functions is inadequate; impaired arterial oxygenation or inadequate carbon dioxide elimination leads to tissue hypoxia. Hypoxemia - ANSWER Interference of adequate O2 Hypoxia is first (lacking O2, confusion), Hypoxemia is late Oxygen failure (respiratory) Hypercapnia - ANSWER Insufficient CO2 removal Ventilatory failure High levels of CO2 - ANSWER Bad for the body Acidic CNS is effected Hypoxemic Levels - ANSWER PaO2 < or = 60 on 60% O2 Hypercapnic Levels - ANSWER PaCO2 > 45 and pH < 7.35 Clinical Manifestations of ARF - ANSWER Can occur suddenly or develop over time Increased Respirations Shallow or deep respirations Air hunger (GASP!) Cyanosis Crackles, rhonchi, wheezes