ACUTE RENAL FAILURE questions and answers with solutions 2025

Acute Renal Failure - ANSWER - Rapid decrease in renal function leading to the collection of metabolic wastes in the body - sudden onset (hours to days) - nephron involvement = 50% - duration = 2-4 weeks and < 3 months - prognosis generally good for return of renal function ARF is delineated by causes - ANSWER Prerenal failure: inadequate kidney perfusion Intrarenal/Intrinsic failure: damage to the glomeruli, interstitial tissue or tubules Postrenal failure: obstruction of urine flow Prerenal failure won't look edematous - ANSWER inadequate kidney perfusion leads to ischemia in the nephrons Causes: hemorrhage, shock, dehydration, extensive burns, heart failure, hemorrhage, obstruction in vasculature before kidneys, prolonged hypotension, severe dehydration, severe anemia Sign and symptoms: dizziness, dry mouth, hypotension, tachycardia, thirst, low urine output