Biology Proctored Exam Penn Foster With
Complete Solutions
Leave the first rating
Terms in this set (199)
-All are composed of cells
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
Characteristics of living -Can sense changes in the environment and adjust
things in response to change
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to
their environment
Levels of Biological atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ
Organization system, organism
How are organisms on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic
classified? relatedness
Process used to validate observations while
What is the scientific minimizing observer bias
method? What is it's
importance in biological It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair,
sciences? unbiased and repeatable manner. The best way to
discover how and why the world works
What is matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space
smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical
What is an atom? properties of an element. They combine to form
molecules which then form into a solid, gas or liquid
Nucleus in the center that contains protons
What is the structure of (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The
an atom? outermost region is called an electron shell that
contain the electrons (negatively charged)
A chemical bond that's formed when an atom
What is an ionic bond?
transfers and electron to another Atom
, Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order to
What is a covalent bond?
have a completed outer shell
What is a double Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of electroms
covalent bond?
In order to be an organic Carbon and hydrogen
molecule it must contain
what?
What are the main groups Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
of organic molecules that
build cells and their
parts?
Its attraction to polar molecules.
High-specific heat.
What are the properties
High heat of vaporization.
of water?
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
Carbohydrates Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
Glucose= monosaccharide that serves as blood
sugar
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar
What are the different
Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores
kinds of carbs?
energy in plants
Glycogen= stores energy in animals
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls
macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen,
Protein oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for
growth and repair
Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils,
and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and
Lipid
oxygen.
Serve as a long term energy source
macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen,
Nucleic acid nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
Form DNA which acts to store genetic information
, All living organisms are made up of cells
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit
What is the cell theory?
of all living organisms
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Ribosome Makes proteins
A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in
Endoplasmic Reticulum which proteins and other materials are carried from
one part of the cell to another.
Smooth ER Makes lipids
That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded
Rough ER
with ribosomes.
Sorts and packs protein into vesicles and transports
Golgi Apparatus
them
Lysosome Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles
Vacuole Stores food, enzymes and other material
Powerhouse of the cell- produces energy for
Mitochondria
growth, development and movement
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and
Nucleus
responsible for growth and reproduction
A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane
Cell wall
and provides support to the cell
Molecules move from an area of higher
Explain the process of concentration to an area of lower concentration
diffusion: until the concentration of molecules is the same at
both sites
Explain the process of Water moves from areas of low solute concentration
osmosis: to areas of high solute concentration
S+E= P+E
Describe a basic
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reaction
enzymatic reaction:
S is the substance being changed
P is the product of the reaction
, Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical
What is an enzyme? reaction without undergoing any permanent
chemical change
-The process in which the Sun's energy is converted
What is the process of into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
photosynthesis? -Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
What is cellular Cellular respiration is the process that releases
respiration? energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
What is the cellular 6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
respiration equation?
What is glycolysis? "splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP.
This term refers to a series of chemical reactions that
involve the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and
What is Krebs cycle? produce 2 mol of ATP (energy) along with hydrogen
and carbon, which combine with oxygen to form
(H2O) and (CO2).
Is a sequence of electron carrier molecules that
What is the electron shuttle electrons,
transport chain? down a series of reactions that release energy; used
to make ATP.
Process by which cells divide to form new cells
What is cellular
Growth phase- cell duplicates its contents and DNA
reproduction?
Cell Division- the cytoplasm and DNA of a parent
cell are distribute to 2 daughter cells
How many chromosomes 46 (23 pairs)
do humans have?
Nondisjunction occurs when chromosomes do not
separate properly during cell division. This can form
What is nondisjunction
a gamete with an extra chromosome or one missing
and when does it occur?
part or all of a chromosome (aka monosomy or
trisomy). OCCURS DURING ANAPHASE 1 & 2
Complete Solutions
Leave the first rating
Terms in this set (199)
-All are composed of cells
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
Characteristics of living -Can sense changes in the environment and adjust
things in response to change
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to
their environment
Levels of Biological atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ
Organization system, organism
How are organisms on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic
classified? relatedness
Process used to validate observations while
What is the scientific minimizing observer bias
method? What is it's
importance in biological It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair,
sciences? unbiased and repeatable manner. The best way to
discover how and why the world works
What is matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space
smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical
What is an atom? properties of an element. They combine to form
molecules which then form into a solid, gas or liquid
Nucleus in the center that contains protons
What is the structure of (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The
an atom? outermost region is called an electron shell that
contain the electrons (negatively charged)
A chemical bond that's formed when an atom
What is an ionic bond?
transfers and electron to another Atom
, Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order to
What is a covalent bond?
have a completed outer shell
What is a double Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of electroms
covalent bond?
In order to be an organic Carbon and hydrogen
molecule it must contain
what?
What are the main groups Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
of organic molecules that
build cells and their
parts?
Its attraction to polar molecules.
High-specific heat.
What are the properties
High heat of vaporization.
of water?
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
Carbohydrates Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
Glucose= monosaccharide that serves as blood
sugar
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar
What are the different
Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores
kinds of carbs?
energy in plants
Glycogen= stores energy in animals
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls
macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen,
Protein oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for
growth and repair
Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils,
and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and
Lipid
oxygen.
Serve as a long term energy source
macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen,
Nucleic acid nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
Form DNA which acts to store genetic information
, All living organisms are made up of cells
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit
What is the cell theory?
of all living organisms
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Ribosome Makes proteins
A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in
Endoplasmic Reticulum which proteins and other materials are carried from
one part of the cell to another.
Smooth ER Makes lipids
That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded
Rough ER
with ribosomes.
Sorts and packs protein into vesicles and transports
Golgi Apparatus
them
Lysosome Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles
Vacuole Stores food, enzymes and other material
Powerhouse of the cell- produces energy for
Mitochondria
growth, development and movement
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and
Nucleus
responsible for growth and reproduction
A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane
Cell wall
and provides support to the cell
Molecules move from an area of higher
Explain the process of concentration to an area of lower concentration
diffusion: until the concentration of molecules is the same at
both sites
Explain the process of Water moves from areas of low solute concentration
osmosis: to areas of high solute concentration
S+E= P+E
Describe a basic
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reaction
enzymatic reaction:
S is the substance being changed
P is the product of the reaction
, Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical
What is an enzyme? reaction without undergoing any permanent
chemical change
-The process in which the Sun's energy is converted
What is the process of into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
photosynthesis? -Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
What is cellular Cellular respiration is the process that releases
respiration? energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
What is the cellular 6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
respiration equation?
What is glycolysis? "splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP.
This term refers to a series of chemical reactions that
involve the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and
What is Krebs cycle? produce 2 mol of ATP (energy) along with hydrogen
and carbon, which combine with oxygen to form
(H2O) and (CO2).
Is a sequence of electron carrier molecules that
What is the electron shuttle electrons,
transport chain? down a series of reactions that release energy; used
to make ATP.
Process by which cells divide to form new cells
What is cellular
Growth phase- cell duplicates its contents and DNA
reproduction?
Cell Division- the cytoplasm and DNA of a parent
cell are distribute to 2 daughter cells
How many chromosomes 46 (23 pairs)
do humans have?
Nondisjunction occurs when chromosomes do not
separate properly during cell division. This can form
What is nondisjunction
a gamete with an extra chromosome or one missing
and when does it occur?
part or all of a chromosome (aka monosomy or
trisomy). OCCURS DURING ANAPHASE 1 & 2
