BIOSTATISTICS EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Five important charteristics of data - Answers - Center - a representative or average
value that indicates where the data set is located
Variation - a measure of the amount that the data values vary among themselves
Distribution - the nature or shape of the distribution of the data (such as bell-shaped,
uniform, or skewed)
Outliers - sample values that lie very far away from the vast majority of the other sample
values
Time - changing characteristics of the data over time
A representative or average value that indicates where the data set is located - Answers
- Center
A measure of the amount that the data values vary among themselves - Answers -
Variation
The ____ for a particular class is the number of original values that fall into that class. -
Answers - frequency
The smallest numbers that can belong to the different classes - Answers - lower class
limits
The largest numbers that can belong to the different classes - Answers - upper class
limits
Numbers used to seperated classes, but without the gaps created by class limits -
Answers - class boundaries
How to find class midpoint - Answers - add the lower class limit to the upper class limit
and divide the sum by 2
The difference between two consecutive lower class limits or two consecutive lower
class boundaries - Answers - class width
How to construct a frequency distribution - Answers - 1. Select number of classes (5-20)
2. Class width = (max value - min value) / number of classes
3. Choose lower limit
4. Add class width to lower limit to make classes
5. Tally values into classes
Relative frequencies are found by ___ - Answers - dividing each class frequency by the
total of all frequencies.
, The _____ for a class is the sum of the frequencies for that class and all previous
classes - Answers - cumulative frequency
A ____ is a bar graph in which the horizontal scale represents classes of data values
and the vertical scale represents frequencies. The heights of the bars correspond to the
frequency values and the bars are drawn adjacent to each other (without gaps) -
Answers - histogram
Has the same shape and horizontal scale as a histogram but the vertical scale is
marked with relative frequencies instead - Answers - relative frequency histogram
The nature or shape of the distribution of the data (such as bell-shaped, uniform, or
skewed) - Answers - Distribution
Sample values that lie very far away from the vast majority of the other sample values -
Answers - Outliers
Changing characteristics of the data over time - Answers - Time
In _______, the objective is to summarize or describe the important characteristics of a
set of data - Answers - descriptive statistics
In _______, sample data is used to make generalizations about a population - Answers
- inferential statistics
A ______ lists data values (either individually or by groups of intervals), along with their
corresponding frequencies (or counts) - Answers - frequency distribution
Uses line segments connected to points located directly above class midpoint values. -
Answers - frequency polygon
A line graph that depicts the cumulative frequencies - Answers - ogive
Uses class boundaries, useful for determining the number of values below some
particular value - Answers - ogive
Consists of a graph in which each data value is plotted as a point along a scale of
values. Dots representing equal values are stacked - Answers - dotplot
Represents data by seperating each value into two parts - Answers - stem and leaf plot
A bar graph for qualitative data, with the bars arranged in order according to
frequencies - Answers - pareto chart
How to make a pie chart - Answers - multiply the relative frequency of the class by 360
to get the degrees (ex 76% is 0.76 * 360 = 274 degrees)
Five important charteristics of data - Answers - Center - a representative or average
value that indicates where the data set is located
Variation - a measure of the amount that the data values vary among themselves
Distribution - the nature or shape of the distribution of the data (such as bell-shaped,
uniform, or skewed)
Outliers - sample values that lie very far away from the vast majority of the other sample
values
Time - changing characteristics of the data over time
A representative or average value that indicates where the data set is located - Answers
- Center
A measure of the amount that the data values vary among themselves - Answers -
Variation
The ____ for a particular class is the number of original values that fall into that class. -
Answers - frequency
The smallest numbers that can belong to the different classes - Answers - lower class
limits
The largest numbers that can belong to the different classes - Answers - upper class
limits
Numbers used to seperated classes, but without the gaps created by class limits -
Answers - class boundaries
How to find class midpoint - Answers - add the lower class limit to the upper class limit
and divide the sum by 2
The difference between two consecutive lower class limits or two consecutive lower
class boundaries - Answers - class width
How to construct a frequency distribution - Answers - 1. Select number of classes (5-20)
2. Class width = (max value - min value) / number of classes
3. Choose lower limit
4. Add class width to lower limit to make classes
5. Tally values into classes
Relative frequencies are found by ___ - Answers - dividing each class frequency by the
total of all frequencies.
, The _____ for a class is the sum of the frequencies for that class and all previous
classes - Answers - cumulative frequency
A ____ is a bar graph in which the horizontal scale represents classes of data values
and the vertical scale represents frequencies. The heights of the bars correspond to the
frequency values and the bars are drawn adjacent to each other (without gaps) -
Answers - histogram
Has the same shape and horizontal scale as a histogram but the vertical scale is
marked with relative frequencies instead - Answers - relative frequency histogram
The nature or shape of the distribution of the data (such as bell-shaped, uniform, or
skewed) - Answers - Distribution
Sample values that lie very far away from the vast majority of the other sample values -
Answers - Outliers
Changing characteristics of the data over time - Answers - Time
In _______, the objective is to summarize or describe the important characteristics of a
set of data - Answers - descriptive statistics
In _______, sample data is used to make generalizations about a population - Answers
- inferential statistics
A ______ lists data values (either individually or by groups of intervals), along with their
corresponding frequencies (or counts) - Answers - frequency distribution
Uses line segments connected to points located directly above class midpoint values. -
Answers - frequency polygon
A line graph that depicts the cumulative frequencies - Answers - ogive
Uses class boundaries, useful for determining the number of values below some
particular value - Answers - ogive
Consists of a graph in which each data value is plotted as a point along a scale of
values. Dots representing equal values are stacked - Answers - dotplot
Represents data by seperating each value into two parts - Answers - stem and leaf plot
A bar graph for qualitative data, with the bars arranged in order according to
frequencies - Answers - pareto chart
How to make a pie chart - Answers - multiply the relative frequency of the class by 360
to get the degrees (ex 76% is 0.76 * 360 = 274 degrees)
