HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
2024 - 2025
After,talking,w/,the,HCP,,a,male,pt,continues,to,have,questions,about,the,results,of,a,prostatic,surface,ant
igen,(PSA),screening,test,and,asks,the,nurse,how,the,PSA,levels,become,elevated.,The,nurse,should,explai
n,which,pathophysiological,mechanism?,,ANS,-
,,As,the,prostate,gland,enlarges,,its,cells,contribute,more,PSA,in,the,circulating,blood
PSA,is,a,glycoprotein,found,in,prostatic,epithelial,cells,,and,elevations,are,used,as,a,specific,tumor,marker
s.,Elevations,in,PSA,are,r/t,gland,volume,,ie.,benign,BPH,,prostatitis,,and,cancer,of,the,prostate,,indicating,
tumor,cell,load.,PSA,levels,are,also,used,to,monitor,response,to,therapy
A,26,yr,old,male,client,w/,Hodgkin's,disease,is,scheduled,to,undergo,radiation,therapy.,The,clinet,express
es,concern,about,the,effect,of,radiation,on,his,ability,to,have,children.,What,info,should,the,nurse,provide
?,,ANS,-,,Permanent,sterility,occurs,in,the,male,client,who,receive,radiation
Low,sperm,count,and,loss,of,motility,are,seen,in,males,w/,Hodgkin's,disease,b/f,any,therapy.,Radiotherap
y,often,results,in,permanent,aspermia,,or,sterility
The,nurse,hears,short,,high-
pitched,sounds,just,b/f,the,end,of,inspiration,in,the,right,and,left,lower,lobes,when,auscultating,a,client's,l
ungs.,How,should,this,finding,be,recorded?,,ANS,-,,Crackles,in,the,right,and,left,lower,lobes
Fine,crackles,-,short,,high-
pitched,sounds,heard,just,b/f,the,end,of,inspiration,that,are,the,result,of,rapid,equalization,of,pressure,w
hen,collaped,alveoli,or,terminal,bronchioles,suddenly,snap,open
Wheezing,is,a,continuous,high-
pitched,squeaking,or,musical,sound,caused,by,rapid,vibration,of,bronchial,walls,that,are,1st,evident,on,ex
piration,and,may,be,audible
A,client,is,admitted,to,the,ER,w/,a,tension,pneumothorax.,Which,assessment,should,the,nurse,expect,to,I
D?,,ANS,-,,A,deviation,of,the,trachea,toward,the,side,opposite,of,the,pneumothorax
, Tension,pneumothorax,is,caused,by,rapid,accumulation,of,air,in,the,pleural,space,,causing,severely,high,in
trapleural,pressure.,This,results,in,collapse,of,the,lung,,and,the,mediastinum,shifts,toward,the,unaffected,
side,,which,is,subsequently,compressed
A,client,who,is,receiving,a,whole,blood,transfusion,dv's,chills,,fever,,and,a,HA,30,min,after,the,transfusion,i
s,started.,The,nurse,shold,recognize,these,sx,as,characteristic,of,what,rxn?,,ANS,-
,,A,febrile,transfusion,reaction
Sx,of,a,febrile,reaction,include,sudden,chills,,fever,,HA,,flushing,,and,muscle,pain.
An,allergic,rxn,is,the,response,of,histamine,release,which,is,characterized,by,flushing,,itching,,and,urticari
a.,It,exhibits,an,exaggerated,allergic,response,that,progresses,to,shock,and,possible,cardiac,arrest
an,acute,hemolytic,reaction,presents,w/,fever,,chills,,but,is,hallmarked,by,the,onset,of,low,back,pain,,tach
ycardia,,tachypnea,,vascular,collapse,,hemoglobinuria,,dark,urine,,ARF,,shock,,cardiac,arrest,,and,even,de
ath
The,nurse,is,analyzing,the,waveforms,of,a,client's,ECG.,What,finding,indicates,a,disturbance,in,electrical,c
onduction,in,the,ventricles?,,ANS,-,,QRS,interval,of,0.14,second
the,normal,duration,of,the,QRS,is,0.04,-,0.12,sec
T,wave,is,0.16,sec;,
PR,is,0.12,-,0.20,sec;,
QT,is,0.31-0.38,sec
Several,hrs,after,surgical,repair,of,an,AAA,,the,client,dvps,left,flank,pain.,the,nurse,determines,the,client's,
urinary,output,is,20,m.;hr,for,the,past,2,hrs.,The,nurse,should,conclude,that,these,findings,support,which,
complication?,,ANS,-,,Renal,artery,embolization
Post-
op,complications,of,surgical,repair,of,AAA,are,r/t,the,location,of,resection,,graft,,or,stent,placement,along,
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
2024 - 2025
After,talking,w/,the,HCP,,a,male,pt,continues,to,have,questions,about,the,results,of,a,prostatic,surface,ant
igen,(PSA),screening,test,and,asks,the,nurse,how,the,PSA,levels,become,elevated.,The,nurse,should,explai
n,which,pathophysiological,mechanism?,,ANS,-
,,As,the,prostate,gland,enlarges,,its,cells,contribute,more,PSA,in,the,circulating,blood
PSA,is,a,glycoprotein,found,in,prostatic,epithelial,cells,,and,elevations,are,used,as,a,specific,tumor,marker
s.,Elevations,in,PSA,are,r/t,gland,volume,,ie.,benign,BPH,,prostatitis,,and,cancer,of,the,prostate,,indicating,
tumor,cell,load.,PSA,levels,are,also,used,to,monitor,response,to,therapy
A,26,yr,old,male,client,w/,Hodgkin's,disease,is,scheduled,to,undergo,radiation,therapy.,The,clinet,express
es,concern,about,the,effect,of,radiation,on,his,ability,to,have,children.,What,info,should,the,nurse,provide
?,,ANS,-,,Permanent,sterility,occurs,in,the,male,client,who,receive,radiation
Low,sperm,count,and,loss,of,motility,are,seen,in,males,w/,Hodgkin's,disease,b/f,any,therapy.,Radiotherap
y,often,results,in,permanent,aspermia,,or,sterility
The,nurse,hears,short,,high-
pitched,sounds,just,b/f,the,end,of,inspiration,in,the,right,and,left,lower,lobes,when,auscultating,a,client's,l
ungs.,How,should,this,finding,be,recorded?,,ANS,-,,Crackles,in,the,right,and,left,lower,lobes
Fine,crackles,-,short,,high-
pitched,sounds,heard,just,b/f,the,end,of,inspiration,that,are,the,result,of,rapid,equalization,of,pressure,w
hen,collaped,alveoli,or,terminal,bronchioles,suddenly,snap,open
Wheezing,is,a,continuous,high-
pitched,squeaking,or,musical,sound,caused,by,rapid,vibration,of,bronchial,walls,that,are,1st,evident,on,ex
piration,and,may,be,audible
A,client,is,admitted,to,the,ER,w/,a,tension,pneumothorax.,Which,assessment,should,the,nurse,expect,to,I
D?,,ANS,-,,A,deviation,of,the,trachea,toward,the,side,opposite,of,the,pneumothorax
, Tension,pneumothorax,is,caused,by,rapid,accumulation,of,air,in,the,pleural,space,,causing,severely,high,in
trapleural,pressure.,This,results,in,collapse,of,the,lung,,and,the,mediastinum,shifts,toward,the,unaffected,
side,,which,is,subsequently,compressed
A,client,who,is,receiving,a,whole,blood,transfusion,dv's,chills,,fever,,and,a,HA,30,min,after,the,transfusion,i
s,started.,The,nurse,shold,recognize,these,sx,as,characteristic,of,what,rxn?,,ANS,-
,,A,febrile,transfusion,reaction
Sx,of,a,febrile,reaction,include,sudden,chills,,fever,,HA,,flushing,,and,muscle,pain.
An,allergic,rxn,is,the,response,of,histamine,release,which,is,characterized,by,flushing,,itching,,and,urticari
a.,It,exhibits,an,exaggerated,allergic,response,that,progresses,to,shock,and,possible,cardiac,arrest
an,acute,hemolytic,reaction,presents,w/,fever,,chills,,but,is,hallmarked,by,the,onset,of,low,back,pain,,tach
ycardia,,tachypnea,,vascular,collapse,,hemoglobinuria,,dark,urine,,ARF,,shock,,cardiac,arrest,,and,even,de
ath
The,nurse,is,analyzing,the,waveforms,of,a,client's,ECG.,What,finding,indicates,a,disturbance,in,electrical,c
onduction,in,the,ventricles?,,ANS,-,,QRS,interval,of,0.14,second
the,normal,duration,of,the,QRS,is,0.04,-,0.12,sec
T,wave,is,0.16,sec;,
PR,is,0.12,-,0.20,sec;,
QT,is,0.31-0.38,sec
Several,hrs,after,surgical,repair,of,an,AAA,,the,client,dvps,left,flank,pain.,the,nurse,determines,the,client's,
urinary,output,is,20,m.;hr,for,the,past,2,hrs.,The,nurse,should,conclude,that,these,findings,support,which,
complication?,,ANS,-,,Renal,artery,embolization
Post-
op,complications,of,surgical,repair,of,AAA,are,r/t,the,location,of,resection,,graft,,or,stent,placement,along,
