AQA GCSE Physics - Paper 1 Exam
Questions and Verified Answers
Energy Stores - ✔✔1) Elastic potential
2) Gravitational potential
3) Thermal
4) Electrostatic
5) Nuclear
6) Chemical
7) Kinetic
8) Magnetic
9) Light
10) Sound
How is energy transferred? - ✔✔1) Mechanically - force doing work
2) Electrically - work done by moving charges
3) Heating/Radiation - light, sound
How can work be done? - ✔✔When a current flows or by a force moving an
object
1
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,Kinetic energy formula - ✔✔E=1/2mv²
Kinetic energy(J) = 0.5 x mass(kg) x speed²(m/s)
Gravitational potential energy formula - ✔✔E=mgh
G.P.E(J) = mass(kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg) x height (m)
What happens when an object falls and there's no air resistance? -
✔✔Energy lost from the g.p.e store = energy gained in the kinetic energy
store
What does air resistance do when acting against falling objects? - ✔✔It
causes some energy to be transferred to other energy stores e.g. the
thermal energy stores of the object and the surroundings
Elastic potential energy formula - ✔✔E=1/2ke²
E.P.E(J) = 0.5 x spring constant(N/m) x extension²(m)
What is SHC? - ✔✔The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature
of 1kg of a substance by 1°C
SHC formula - ✔✔E=mcθ
Change in thermal energy(J) = mass(kg) x SHC(J/kg/°C) x temperature
change(°C)
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,What is the conservation of energy principle? - ✔✔Energy can be
transferred usefully, or stored or dissipated (wasted energy), but can never
be created or destroyed
What is power? - ✔✔The rate of energy transfer, or the rate of doing work
What is 1W equal to? - ✔✔1J of energy transferred per second
Power Equation 1 - ✔✔E=Pt
Energy transferred(J) = power(W) x time(s)
Power Equation 2 - ✔✔W=Pt
Work done(J) = power(W) x time(s)
What is conduction? - ✔✔The process where vibrating particles transfer
energy to neighbouring particles
Energy is transferred to thermal stores of the object - this energy is shared
across the kinetic energy stores
What is thermal conductivity? - ✔✔A measure of how quickly energy is
transferred through a material via conduction
What is convection? - ✔✔Where energetic particles move away from hotter
to cooler regions
Energy is transferred to the thermal energy stores of the object and is
shared across the kinetic stores
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, What do radiators create? - ✔✔Convection currents
Convection currents - process - ✔✔1) Energy is transferred from the
radiator to the nearby air particles by conduction
2) The air by the radiator becomes warmer and less dense as the particles
move quicker
3) The warm air rises and displaces the cooler air, which is then heated by
the radiator
4) The previously heated air transfers energy to the surroundings - the air
cools, becomes denser and sinks
What does lubrication do? - ✔✔Reduce frictional forces
What does insulation do? - ✔✔Reduce the rate of energy transfer by
heating
Thermal insulation techniques - ✔✔1) Cavity walls - made up of an inner
and outer wall with an air gap in the middle - the air gap reduces the
amount of energy transferred by conduction through the walls
2) Cavity wall insulators - the air gap is filled with foam also reduces energy
transfer by convection in the wall cavity
3) Loft insulation - reduces convection currents being created in lofts
4
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Questions and Verified Answers
Energy Stores - ✔✔1) Elastic potential
2) Gravitational potential
3) Thermal
4) Electrostatic
5) Nuclear
6) Chemical
7) Kinetic
8) Magnetic
9) Light
10) Sound
How is energy transferred? - ✔✔1) Mechanically - force doing work
2) Electrically - work done by moving charges
3) Heating/Radiation - light, sound
How can work be done? - ✔✔When a current flows or by a force moving an
object
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,Kinetic energy formula - ✔✔E=1/2mv²
Kinetic energy(J) = 0.5 x mass(kg) x speed²(m/s)
Gravitational potential energy formula - ✔✔E=mgh
G.P.E(J) = mass(kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg) x height (m)
What happens when an object falls and there's no air resistance? -
✔✔Energy lost from the g.p.e store = energy gained in the kinetic energy
store
What does air resistance do when acting against falling objects? - ✔✔It
causes some energy to be transferred to other energy stores e.g. the
thermal energy stores of the object and the surroundings
Elastic potential energy formula - ✔✔E=1/2ke²
E.P.E(J) = 0.5 x spring constant(N/m) x extension²(m)
What is SHC? - ✔✔The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature
of 1kg of a substance by 1°C
SHC formula - ✔✔E=mcθ
Change in thermal energy(J) = mass(kg) x SHC(J/kg/°C) x temperature
change(°C)
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,What is the conservation of energy principle? - ✔✔Energy can be
transferred usefully, or stored or dissipated (wasted energy), but can never
be created or destroyed
What is power? - ✔✔The rate of energy transfer, or the rate of doing work
What is 1W equal to? - ✔✔1J of energy transferred per second
Power Equation 1 - ✔✔E=Pt
Energy transferred(J) = power(W) x time(s)
Power Equation 2 - ✔✔W=Pt
Work done(J) = power(W) x time(s)
What is conduction? - ✔✔The process where vibrating particles transfer
energy to neighbouring particles
Energy is transferred to thermal stores of the object - this energy is shared
across the kinetic energy stores
What is thermal conductivity? - ✔✔A measure of how quickly energy is
transferred through a material via conduction
What is convection? - ✔✔Where energetic particles move away from hotter
to cooler regions
Energy is transferred to the thermal energy stores of the object and is
shared across the kinetic stores
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, What do radiators create? - ✔✔Convection currents
Convection currents - process - ✔✔1) Energy is transferred from the
radiator to the nearby air particles by conduction
2) The air by the radiator becomes warmer and less dense as the particles
move quicker
3) The warm air rises and displaces the cooler air, which is then heated by
the radiator
4) The previously heated air transfers energy to the surroundings - the air
cools, becomes denser and sinks
What does lubrication do? - ✔✔Reduce frictional forces
What does insulation do? - ✔✔Reduce the rate of energy transfer by
heating
Thermal insulation techniques - ✔✔1) Cavity walls - made up of an inner
and outer wall with an air gap in the middle - the air gap reduces the
amount of energy transferred by conduction through the walls
2) Cavity wall insulators - the air gap is filled with foam also reduces energy
transfer by convection in the wall cavity
3) Loft insulation - reduces convection currents being created in lofts
4
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
