Orthopedic Certification Test
Questions & Answers 100% Correct!!
Cartilage is made of - ANSWERcollagen and protein
Joint Cartilage is made of - ANSWERextracellular matrix and chondrocytes
Extracellular matrix contains primarily - ANSWERtype 2, 4, and 6 collagens as well
as aggrecan proteoglycans
Type 2 collagen is responsible for - ANSWERprotecting the ends of bone within a
joint
What does the inflammatory response during degeneration of cartilage increase? -
ANSWERthe breakdown of remaining healthy cartilage, leading to further
degeneration
Osteoarthritis symptoms: - ANSWERpain that is exacerbated with activity and better
with rest (early dz), stiffness, swelling, pain and stiffness worse in the morning (no
more than 30 min), pain worse with prolong inactivity or weather changes
Hip osteoarthritis symptoms: - ANSWERpain in low back and groin, limping and knee
pain from compensation
Aggrecan proteoglycan is mainly responsible for - ANSWERretaining water
molecules, allowing resistance to affects of strenuous use of the joint
Chondrocytes within joint cartilage is responsible for - ANSWERthe strength and
resistance to loading
What is the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis? - ANSWERwhen cartilage becomes
damaged it starts to lose elasticity, making it more susceptible to injury. With
increasing stress and wear the bone starts to become affected causing thickening of
bone and formation of bone spurs and osteophytes. Abnormal bone formations can
break loose with cartilage fragments and float within joint space. Debris cause
synovium to mount and inflammatory response to break down cartilaginous debris.
Knee osteoarthritis symptoms: - ANSWERlocking, cracking, grinding, "give out"
feeling, increasing pain with ascending and descending stairs
Finger osteoarthritis symptoms: - ANSWERswelling, nodules, stiffness, difficulty
gripping
What are causes of secondary osteoarthritis? - ANSWERjoint injury (fracture or
sprain), chronic stress, joint instability, nervous system disorders (ex. charcot
neuropathy), blood and endocrine disorders (diabetes, gout, thyroid disorders,
, osteoarthritis, growth hormone disorders), medications (oral steroids, meds for gout),
inflammation (RA causing secondary osteoarthritis)
What are diagnostic tests for osteoarthritis? - ANSWERblood work to eliminate other
disorders such as RA and to establish base line and possible secondary
osteoarthritis diseases, X-rays, possible MRI, evaluation of synovial fluid
What is the most common and cost-efficient diagnostic test for osteoarthritis? -
ANSWERx-ray
What would an x-ray show to diagnose osteoarthritis? - ANSWERjoint space
narrowing, bone spurs, osteophytes
What does synovial fluid of osteoarthritis look like? - ANSWERstraw colored, no
more than 2000 white blood cells, and synovial glucose should be equal to serum
glucose
What are alternative treatments for osteoarthritis? - ANSWERglucosamine, SAM-e
oral, copper and magnetic bracelets, acupuncture, tai chi, pilates, yoga, herbs, and
supplements
What is glucosamine? - ANSWERhelps to regenerate joint cartilage in osteoarthritis,
some studies support reduce of pain and inflammation
What is SAM-e oral? - ANSWERthought to reduce osteoarthritis pain, studies vary
What are copper and magnetic bracelets used for in osteoarthritis? -
ANSWERanecdotal reports only, studies don't support, no harmful effects
What are herbs used to help with osteoarthritis? - ANSWERgarlic, echinacea,
gingko, St. John's wort, ginger, turmeric, and cayenne. Ginger, turmeric, and
cayenne have more supportive studies
What is the number one modifiable risk factor for osteoarthritis? - ANSWERweight
What are key points to obtain in history of a patient with osteoarthritis? -
ANSWERpain (location, onset/duration, type), activity (response to pain, alleviating
and exacerbating activities, fatiguability), effect on sleep, nutritional status,
unintended weight gain/loss, caffeine consumption, affect on ADLs (self care,
occupational, family roles), effect on sexual relations, self-concept and image,
independence, hobbies, coping mechanisms, support system, knowledge of
disorder, comorbidity, meds, compliance, and treatments tried, past medical history
including family, social history (alcohol use, tobacco, drugs)
What are side effects of acetaminophen use with osteoarthritis? - ANSWERdose
should be no larger than 4000 mg/day, liver toxicity (too much or alcohol)
What are side effects of NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxyn with osteoarthritis?
- ANSWERgastric ulceration and bleeding, renal impairment, newer COX-2 NSAIDs
like celebrex reduce GI risks
Questions & Answers 100% Correct!!
Cartilage is made of - ANSWERcollagen and protein
Joint Cartilage is made of - ANSWERextracellular matrix and chondrocytes
Extracellular matrix contains primarily - ANSWERtype 2, 4, and 6 collagens as well
as aggrecan proteoglycans
Type 2 collagen is responsible for - ANSWERprotecting the ends of bone within a
joint
What does the inflammatory response during degeneration of cartilage increase? -
ANSWERthe breakdown of remaining healthy cartilage, leading to further
degeneration
Osteoarthritis symptoms: - ANSWERpain that is exacerbated with activity and better
with rest (early dz), stiffness, swelling, pain and stiffness worse in the morning (no
more than 30 min), pain worse with prolong inactivity or weather changes
Hip osteoarthritis symptoms: - ANSWERpain in low back and groin, limping and knee
pain from compensation
Aggrecan proteoglycan is mainly responsible for - ANSWERretaining water
molecules, allowing resistance to affects of strenuous use of the joint
Chondrocytes within joint cartilage is responsible for - ANSWERthe strength and
resistance to loading
What is the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis? - ANSWERwhen cartilage becomes
damaged it starts to lose elasticity, making it more susceptible to injury. With
increasing stress and wear the bone starts to become affected causing thickening of
bone and formation of bone spurs and osteophytes. Abnormal bone formations can
break loose with cartilage fragments and float within joint space. Debris cause
synovium to mount and inflammatory response to break down cartilaginous debris.
Knee osteoarthritis symptoms: - ANSWERlocking, cracking, grinding, "give out"
feeling, increasing pain with ascending and descending stairs
Finger osteoarthritis symptoms: - ANSWERswelling, nodules, stiffness, difficulty
gripping
What are causes of secondary osteoarthritis? - ANSWERjoint injury (fracture or
sprain), chronic stress, joint instability, nervous system disorders (ex. charcot
neuropathy), blood and endocrine disorders (diabetes, gout, thyroid disorders,
, osteoarthritis, growth hormone disorders), medications (oral steroids, meds for gout),
inflammation (RA causing secondary osteoarthritis)
What are diagnostic tests for osteoarthritis? - ANSWERblood work to eliminate other
disorders such as RA and to establish base line and possible secondary
osteoarthritis diseases, X-rays, possible MRI, evaluation of synovial fluid
What is the most common and cost-efficient diagnostic test for osteoarthritis? -
ANSWERx-ray
What would an x-ray show to diagnose osteoarthritis? - ANSWERjoint space
narrowing, bone spurs, osteophytes
What does synovial fluid of osteoarthritis look like? - ANSWERstraw colored, no
more than 2000 white blood cells, and synovial glucose should be equal to serum
glucose
What are alternative treatments for osteoarthritis? - ANSWERglucosamine, SAM-e
oral, copper and magnetic bracelets, acupuncture, tai chi, pilates, yoga, herbs, and
supplements
What is glucosamine? - ANSWERhelps to regenerate joint cartilage in osteoarthritis,
some studies support reduce of pain and inflammation
What is SAM-e oral? - ANSWERthought to reduce osteoarthritis pain, studies vary
What are copper and magnetic bracelets used for in osteoarthritis? -
ANSWERanecdotal reports only, studies don't support, no harmful effects
What are herbs used to help with osteoarthritis? - ANSWERgarlic, echinacea,
gingko, St. John's wort, ginger, turmeric, and cayenne. Ginger, turmeric, and
cayenne have more supportive studies
What is the number one modifiable risk factor for osteoarthritis? - ANSWERweight
What are key points to obtain in history of a patient with osteoarthritis? -
ANSWERpain (location, onset/duration, type), activity (response to pain, alleviating
and exacerbating activities, fatiguability), effect on sleep, nutritional status,
unintended weight gain/loss, caffeine consumption, affect on ADLs (self care,
occupational, family roles), effect on sexual relations, self-concept and image,
independence, hobbies, coping mechanisms, support system, knowledge of
disorder, comorbidity, meds, compliance, and treatments tried, past medical history
including family, social history (alcohol use, tobacco, drugs)
What are side effects of acetaminophen use with osteoarthritis? - ANSWERdose
should be no larger than 4000 mg/day, liver toxicity (too much or alcohol)
What are side effects of NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxyn with osteoarthritis?
- ANSWERgastric ulceration and bleeding, renal impairment, newer COX-2 NSAIDs
like celebrex reduce GI risks
