©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
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NUR 5332 Final Exam Study Guide
Overview
Cushing's Disease - Answers✔Excess cortisol due to pituitary tumor secreting ACTH.
Cushing Syndrome - Answers✔Excess cortisol from causes other than pituitary tumor.
Addisonian Crisis - Answers✔Severe hypotension leading to vascular collapse and shock.
Addison's Disease - Answers✔Autoimmune disorder causing insufficient cortisol and
aldosterone.
ACTH - Answers✔Adrenocorticotropic hormone regulating cortisol production.
Hypocortisolism - Answers✔Low cortisol secretion from adrenal insufficiency.
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency - Answers✔Addison's disease with inadequate hormone
synthesis.
Secondary Hypocortisolism - Answers✔Low ACTH from prolonged glucocorticoid use.
Hyperpigmentation - Answers✔Skin darkening due to increased ACTH levels.
Hypothyroidism - Answers✔Decreased thyroid hormone production affecting metabolism.
Primary Hypothyroidism - Answers✔Loss of thyroid function leading to high TSH.
Central Hypothyroidism - Answers✔Pituitary failure to produce adequate TSH.
Autoimmune Thyroiditis - Answers✔Chronic inflammation of thyroid leading to dysfunction.
Diabetes Mellitus - Answers✔Metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia.
Type 1 Diabetes - Answers✔Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells.
Insulin Resistance - Answers✔Cells fail to respond effectively to insulin.
Eosinophilia - Answers✔Elevated eosinophil count often seen in Addison's.
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Hyperkalemia - Answers✔High potassium levels, may cause mild alkalosis.
ACTH Stimulation Test - Answers✔Evaluates serum cortisol levels in adrenal insufficiency.
Moon Face - Answers✔Facial rounding due to fat accumulation in Cushing's.
Buffalo Hump - Answers✔Fat accumulation in the cervical area in Cushing's.
Truncal Obesity - Answers✔Fat accumulation in the trunk area due to cortisol.
Purple Striae - Answers✔Stretch marks seen in the trunk area in Cushing's.
Glucose Intolerance - Answers✔Inability to regulate blood sugar levels effectively.
Autoantibodies - Answers✔Antibodies that attack the body's own cells.
Idiopathic Addison Disease - Answers✔Adrenal atrophy from autoimmune attack on adrenal
glands.
Adrenal Atrophy - Answers✔Shrinkage of adrenal glands due to autoimmune disease.
Physiologic Stress - Answers✔Physical or emotional stress triggering adrenal crisis.
Glucagon - Answers✔Hormone that increases blood glucose levels.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) - Answers✔Chronic disease marked by insulin resistance.
Insulin Resistance (IR) - Answers✔Decreased sensitivity to insulin in target tissues.
Hyperglycemia - Answers✔Persistently high blood glucose levels.
Beta-cell Dysfunction - Answers✔Decreased insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
Leptin - Answers✔Hormone that regulates energy balance and appetite.
Adiponectin - Answers✔Hormone that enhances insulin sensitivity.
Free Fatty Acids - Answers✔Lipids that can impair insulin action.
Ghrelin - Answers✔Hunger hormone associated with appetite stimulation.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - Answers✔Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells.
Ketoacidosis - Answers✔Acidic condition from fat breakdown due to insulin deficiency.
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) - Answers✔Blood test indicating average glucose levels over
time.
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) - Answers✔Blood glucose level after 8 hours of fasting.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) - Answers✔Test measuring body's response to glucose
intake.
Diabetes Insipidus - Answers✔Condition with insufficient antidiuretic hormone activity.
Polydipsia - Answers✔Increased thirst due to dehydration.
Hyponatremia - Answers✔Low sodium concentration in the blood.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - Answers✔Excess ADH causing
water retention and hyponatremia.
Aquaporin-2 - Answers✔Water channel protein increasing kidney water reabsorption.
Diabetic Retinopathy - Answers✔Eye disease leading to blindness from diabetes.
Diabetic Nephropathy - Answers✔Kidney damage leading to chronic kidney disease.
Diabetic Neuropathy - Answers✔Nerve damage due to chronic high blood sugar.
Macrovascular Disease - Answers✔Diseases affecting large blood vessels, increasing
cardiovascular risk.
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) - Answers✔Heart disease from plaque
buildup in arteries.
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) - Answers✔Reduced blood flow to limbs, causing pain and
ulcers.
Chronic Hyperglycemia - Answers✔Long-term elevated blood glucose causing tissue damage.
Insulin Antagonists - Answers✔Substances that counteract insulin's effects.
Inflammatory Cytokines - Answers✔Proteins that mediate inflammation and immune responses.
Claudication - Answers✔Pain from reduced blood flow during exercise.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Answers✔Insulin resistance with decreased insulin secretion.
Beta Cells - Answers✔Pancreatic cells that produce insulin.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Answers✔Life-threatening condition from insulin deficiency.
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome - Answers✔Severe hyperglycemia without significant
ketosis.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NUR 5332 Final Exam Study Guide
Overview
Cushing's Disease - Answers✔Excess cortisol due to pituitary tumor secreting ACTH.
Cushing Syndrome - Answers✔Excess cortisol from causes other than pituitary tumor.
Addisonian Crisis - Answers✔Severe hypotension leading to vascular collapse and shock.
Addison's Disease - Answers✔Autoimmune disorder causing insufficient cortisol and
aldosterone.
ACTH - Answers✔Adrenocorticotropic hormone regulating cortisol production.
Hypocortisolism - Answers✔Low cortisol secretion from adrenal insufficiency.
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency - Answers✔Addison's disease with inadequate hormone
synthesis.
Secondary Hypocortisolism - Answers✔Low ACTH from prolonged glucocorticoid use.
Hyperpigmentation - Answers✔Skin darkening due to increased ACTH levels.
Hypothyroidism - Answers✔Decreased thyroid hormone production affecting metabolism.
Primary Hypothyroidism - Answers✔Loss of thyroid function leading to high TSH.
Central Hypothyroidism - Answers✔Pituitary failure to produce adequate TSH.
Autoimmune Thyroiditis - Answers✔Chronic inflammation of thyroid leading to dysfunction.
Diabetes Mellitus - Answers✔Metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia.
Type 1 Diabetes - Answers✔Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells.
Insulin Resistance - Answers✔Cells fail to respond effectively to insulin.
Eosinophilia - Answers✔Elevated eosinophil count often seen in Addison's.
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Hyperkalemia - Answers✔High potassium levels, may cause mild alkalosis.
ACTH Stimulation Test - Answers✔Evaluates serum cortisol levels in adrenal insufficiency.
Moon Face - Answers✔Facial rounding due to fat accumulation in Cushing's.
Buffalo Hump - Answers✔Fat accumulation in the cervical area in Cushing's.
Truncal Obesity - Answers✔Fat accumulation in the trunk area due to cortisol.
Purple Striae - Answers✔Stretch marks seen in the trunk area in Cushing's.
Glucose Intolerance - Answers✔Inability to regulate blood sugar levels effectively.
Autoantibodies - Answers✔Antibodies that attack the body's own cells.
Idiopathic Addison Disease - Answers✔Adrenal atrophy from autoimmune attack on adrenal
glands.
Adrenal Atrophy - Answers✔Shrinkage of adrenal glands due to autoimmune disease.
Physiologic Stress - Answers✔Physical or emotional stress triggering adrenal crisis.
Glucagon - Answers✔Hormone that increases blood glucose levels.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) - Answers✔Chronic disease marked by insulin resistance.
Insulin Resistance (IR) - Answers✔Decreased sensitivity to insulin in target tissues.
Hyperglycemia - Answers✔Persistently high blood glucose levels.
Beta-cell Dysfunction - Answers✔Decreased insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
Leptin - Answers✔Hormone that regulates energy balance and appetite.
Adiponectin - Answers✔Hormone that enhances insulin sensitivity.
Free Fatty Acids - Answers✔Lipids that can impair insulin action.
Ghrelin - Answers✔Hunger hormone associated with appetite stimulation.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - Answers✔Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells.
Ketoacidosis - Answers✔Acidic condition from fat breakdown due to insulin deficiency.
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) - Answers✔Blood test indicating average glucose levels over
time.
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) - Answers✔Blood glucose level after 8 hours of fasting.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) - Answers✔Test measuring body's response to glucose
intake.
Diabetes Insipidus - Answers✔Condition with insufficient antidiuretic hormone activity.
Polydipsia - Answers✔Increased thirst due to dehydration.
Hyponatremia - Answers✔Low sodium concentration in the blood.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - Answers✔Excess ADH causing
water retention and hyponatremia.
Aquaporin-2 - Answers✔Water channel protein increasing kidney water reabsorption.
Diabetic Retinopathy - Answers✔Eye disease leading to blindness from diabetes.
Diabetic Nephropathy - Answers✔Kidney damage leading to chronic kidney disease.
Diabetic Neuropathy - Answers✔Nerve damage due to chronic high blood sugar.
Macrovascular Disease - Answers✔Diseases affecting large blood vessels, increasing
cardiovascular risk.
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) - Answers✔Heart disease from plaque
buildup in arteries.
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) - Answers✔Reduced blood flow to limbs, causing pain and
ulcers.
Chronic Hyperglycemia - Answers✔Long-term elevated blood glucose causing tissue damage.
Insulin Antagonists - Answers✔Substances that counteract insulin's effects.
Inflammatory Cytokines - Answers✔Proteins that mediate inflammation and immune responses.
Claudication - Answers✔Pain from reduced blood flow during exercise.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Answers✔Insulin resistance with decreased insulin secretion.
Beta Cells - Answers✔Pancreatic cells that produce insulin.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Answers✔Life-threatening condition from insulin deficiency.
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome - Answers✔Severe hyperglycemia without significant
ketosis.
