Nursing 3366 test #2 Exam (Latest Update 2024 / 2025) Questions and Answers |100% Verified Correct Answers | complete solution | Grade A+

the body's defenses - - an interaction and coordination of responses to stressors stressors - - 1. an invasion by a foreign body, such as microbe or splinter 2. development of unnatural dangers, such as cancer cells the immune system - - the body's defense system in total innate resistance - - "natural" the defense mechanisms we are born with includes the 1st line of resistance, the 2nd line of defense and states of resistance that aren't related to our species response is immediate and non-specific acquired immunity - - (3rd line of defense) being able to resist certain diseases or conditions due to immunocyte involvement response is delayed and specific skin and glads defensive roles - - protects more vulnerable areas underneath from simple environmental hazards desquamation of skin: shedding of skin = bacteria shed too various glands in skin secrete sweat, which has antibacterial & anti-fungal properties stressors that breach skin and glands - - lacerations, abrasions, punctures membranes/glands of body openings (eyes) defense - - tears: blinking causes lacrimal glands to spread tears over eyes & the tears drain into lacrimal ducts, washing the eye regularly eyelashes stressors of the eyes - - dry eye syndrome - manufacturing of tears slows down - happens to some degree to almost everyone as they age Sjogren's syndrome - autoimmune disease that dries up all lubricating fluids in the body respiratory system defenses - - viscosity of mucus in nose plus hair traps bacteria (same with wax and hair in the ears) cilia of cells in bronchi can "sweep" away foreign bodies cough reflex - if a foreign body is inhaled & reaches the carina, cough reflex stimulated stressors of respiratory system - - cigarette smoking changes bronchial cells - no more cilia cough reflex suppression such as in head injury or stroke gastrointestinal system defenses - - saliva contains protective enzymes stomach - HCl destroys most microbes gag reflex / vomiting gets rid of injurious agents such as harmful bacteria bowels - defecation gets rid of inju