Chapter 03: Assessment, Effect Size, and Ethics

Disclaimer: This document is for educational purposes only and serves as a supplementary study resource. The content is based on personal notes and insights and is not affiliated with or officially endorsed by any institution Chapter 03: Assessment, Effect Size, and Ethics MULTIPLE CHOICE Personality assessment refers to ________. a treatment for personality disorders the analysis and interpretation of genetic markers of personality the measurement of any characteristic pattern of behavior, thought, or emotion the selection of a group of individuals with the most unique temperaments ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Nature of Personality Assessment OBJ: 3.1 MSC: Remembering 2. Personality assessment would be relevant to which of the following constructs? a. attitudes toward political leaders c. aggression b. extraversion d. all of the above ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: The Nature of Personality Assessment OBJ: 3.1 MSC: Applying 3. What term refers to personality inventories that are designed to measure a wide range of traits? a. big bandwidth inventories c. omnibus inventories b. high-fidelity inventories d. Big Seven inventories ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Personality Tests OBJ: 3.1 MSC: Remembering The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) was designed to ________. assess individuals with psychological disorders assess normal individuals identify the Big Five personality factors assess Jung’s psychological types ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: Personality Tests OBJ: 3.1 MSC: Remembering What does the acronym MMPI stand for? Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory Michigan Major Personality Inventory Michigan Multiple Personality Inventory ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: Personality Tests OBJ: 3.1 MSC: Remembering The MMPI was designed to ________. assess individuals with psychological disorders assess normal individuals identify the Big Five personality factors assess Jung’s psychological types ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Personality Tests OBJ: 3.1 MSC: Remembering Although Funder draws a distinction between S and B data, the distinction between ________ tests is also discussed in the text. a. clinical and nonclinical c. quantitative and qualitative b. projective and objective d. subjective and objective ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: Personality Tests: S Data Versus B Data Personality Tests OBJ: 3.2 MSC: Remembering Recent research using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to study shyness indicates that ________. “controlled” aspects of shyness can be predicted using S data, but uncontrolled or spontaneous aspects can be more accurately predicted using B data “controlled” aspects of shyness can be predicted using B data, but uncontrolled or spontaneous aspects are more accurately predicted based on S data S data were unrelated to any aspects of shy behavior, but B data predicted many facets of shy behavior B data were unrelated to any aspects of shy behavior, but S data predicted many facets of shy behavior ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: Personality Tests: S Data Versus B Data Personality Tests OBJ: 3.2 MSC: Remembering 9. An IQ test yields what kind of data? a. B c. L b. I d. S ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Personality Tests: S Data Versus B Data Personality Tests OBJ: 3.2 MSC: Analyzing 10. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) yields what kind of data? a. B c. L b. I d. S ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Personality Tests: S Data Versus B Data Personality Tests OBJ: 3.2 MSC: Analyzing Your responses to the personality test item “I am an intelligent person” would be ________ data, whereas your score on an intelligence test that reflects the number of problems you got right would be ________ data. a. B; L c. I; B b. S; L d. S; B ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: Personality Tests: S Data Versus B Data Personality Tests OBJ: 3.2 MSC: Analyzing 12. A projective test yields ________ data. a. B c. L b. I d. S ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Personality Tests: Projective Tests OBJ: 3.2 MSC: Understanding According to the text, one of the nonpsychometric functions of projective tests is to ________. diagnose psychiatric disorders increase the billable hours of clinical psychologists break the ice between client and therapist reduce countertransference between client and therapist ANS: C OBJ: 3.3 DIF: Easy MSC: Remembering REF: Personality Tests: Projective Tests As described in the text, according to some motivation researchers, the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) measures ________, whereas questionnaire-based measures predict ________. what people want; actual performance what people need; what people want what people want; how motives are expressed how motives are expressed; actual performance ANS: C OBJ: 3.3 DIF: Moderate MSC: Remembering REF: Personality Tests: Projective Tests According to the text, which projective test appears to have produced evidence that comes close to establishing its validity? Draw-A-Person Test Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Buss-Perry Aggression Q-Sort Draw-A-Face Test ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: Personality Tests: Projective Tests OBJ: 3.3 MSC: Remembering 16. What is the name of the newer, shorter version of the TAT? a. Q-Sort Card Projection c. TAT-R b. Picture Sort Test d. Picture Story Exercise ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: Personality Tests: Projective Tests OBJ: 3.3 MSC: Remembering A psychologist administering the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) asks respondents to ________. draw a person so that the psychologist may determine which parts are left out or exaggerated describe their current level of hostility so that the psychologist can measure their type A tendencies tell stories about pictures that the psychologist shows them describe their perceptions of the causes of people’s behavior so that the psychologist can measure attributional complexity ANS: C OBJ: 3.3 DIF: Easy MSC: Understanding REF: Personality Tests: Projective Tests All projective tests ________. involve stimuli with no clear meaning involve the construction of stories and narratives require choosing among multiple, predetermined alternatives rely on computer scoring methods ANS: A OBJ: 3.3 DIF: Difficult MSC: Understanding REF: Personality Tests: Projective Tests 19. If you were shown an inkblot and asked to describe what you saw, you would be taking the ________. a. MMPI c. Rorschach test b. CPI d. Thematic Apperception Test ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Personality Tests: Projective Tests OBJ: 3.3 MSC: Applying When evaluated as psychometric instruments, most projective tests ________. do not fare very well have validity but little reliability have generalizability but little validity do as well as objective tests like the CPI and MMPI ANS: A OBJ: 3.3 DIF: Easy MSC: Evaluating REF: Personality Tests: Projective Tests Which of the following is a limitation of projective tests? Clinicians tend to find them relatively unhelpful despite their considerable validity. Projective tests are relatively inefficient and expensive to administer. Although projective tests discriminate between known groups, the content of the items may seem absurd to test takers. Respondents uniformly hate taking projective tests because of their length. ANS: B OBJ: 3.3 DIF: Moderate MSC: Evaluating REF: Personality Tests: Projective Tests 22. If a test consists of a list of True/False questions and is graded using a computer-scored answer sheet, then it is a(n) ________. a. projective test c. objective test b. Q-sort d. commonality scale ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Personality Tests: Objective Tests OBJ: 3.4 MSC: Remembering 23. The reason that objective tests include so many items is to increase the ________ of the test. a. criterion-related validity c. content validity b. reliability d. construct validity ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: Personality Tests: Objective Tests OBJ: 3.4 MSC: Remembering The improvement in reliability gained by adding additional “good” test items can be precisely calculated using the ________ formula. a. Pearson Product Moment c. Tucker-Lewis b. alpha d. Spearman-Brown ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: Personality Tests: Objective Tests OBJ: 3.4 MSC: Remembering 25. Which of the following is an objective test? a. MMPI c. Rorschach inkblots b. TAT d. Picture Story Exercise ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Personality Tests: Objective Tests OBJ: 3.4 MSC: Understanding 26. Increasing the number of items on a test makes it a better instrument according to which principle? a. construct validation c. aggregation b. operational definition d. incremental validation ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Personality Tests: Objective Tests OBJ: 3.4 MSC: Applying 27. Which objective personality scale could be used to identify individuals who cannot read text? a. the F scale c. the PPI Illiterate Responder scale b. the MMPI Lie scale d. the CPI Commonality scale ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: Personality Tests: Objective Tests OBJ: 3.4 MSC: Applying If everybody read, interpreted, and answered an item in exactly the same way, then that item ________. would not be very useful for the assessment of individual differences would be very informative about personality was developed using the rational method of test construction is empirically derived ANS: A OBJ: 3.4 DIF: Difficult MSC: Applying REF: Personality Tests: Objective Tests 29. The basis of the ________ method of test construction is to come up with items that seem directly, obviously, and logically related to what it is you wish to measure. a. rational c. philosophical b. empirical d. factor analytic ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Personality Tests: Methods of Objective Test Construction OBJ: 3.5 MSC: Remembering What is the most common method of test construction? factor analytic rational empirical a combination of factor analytic and empirical methods ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Personality Tests: Methods of Objective Test Construction OBJ: 3.5 MSC: Remembering According to the text, the last step in a factor analysis is to ________. calculate correlation coefficients between all item pairs administer the items to a new s