STCW Basic Training Exam -1
Questions and Answers
What are the conditions needed for a fire to occur? - -fuel (material that acts
as a fuel)
sources of ignition (chemical, biological, or physical)
oxygen
-What are the components of the fire tetrahedron? - -heat, fuel, oxygen,
chain reaction
-How do you stop a fire? - -Remove any of the components of the fire
tetrahedron (i.e. remove fuel, oxygen, heat, or interrupt the chemical
reaction)
-Oxygen - --21% ambient air
-robust flaming combustion down to 15-16%
-surface combustion (smoldering) down to about 11%
-loss of consciousness in atmospheres with 12% or less oxygen
-Heat - -anything that produces the required temperature for ignition
-sun
-open flame
-chemical reaction
-sparks
-friction
-Fuel - --only vapors burn
-liquids and solids must first be vaporized
-tendency of a substance to vaporize is an indication of its ability to burn
-liquids vaporize more readily than solids
-Chain reaction - --you can have oxygen, heat, and fuel in the same place
and still not have a fire
-fuel and oxygen relationship must be balanced (i.e. in the flammable range)
-heat must be sufficient to bring fuel to its ignition
-What is a flash point (of a liquid)? - --the lower temp that a liquid can give
off sufficient gas to form a flammable gas mixture near the surface of a liquid
-lowest temp at which we can have fire
-fire flashes across surface given sufficient oxygen and an external source of
ignition
, -What is a Fire point? - --just above the flash point, liquid gives off
flammable vapors rapidly enough to support continuous combustion
-What is ignition temperature? - --substance starts to burn
-heat from external heat source
-auto-ignitio, no external source of ignition needed
-What is auto ignition? - -vapor generated ignites without any outside
ignition source
-What is vaporization? - -rate increases with temperature
-What is spontaneous combustion? - -heat is generated by a chemical
action within a substance and this continues until you have ignition (usually
begins with oxidation and combines oxygen and gives off energy in the form
of heat)
-What is lower flammable limit? - -the least concentration of flammable
vapors in air that will burn
-What is upper flammable limit - -the greatest concentration of flammable
vapors in the air that will burn
-What are the results of combustion? - -smoke, flame, heat, and gases
-_____________ is the result of incomplete combustion - -smoke
-White or light grey indicates ____________ burning - -free
-Black or dark grey indicates a ______ fire or a _________ of oxygen - -hot,
lack
-How is flame produced? - -result of conversation of the fuel to a state of
blazing combustion
-How is heat generated? - -rapid oxidation of the material
-How are gases produced? - -result of combustion, may or may not be toxic
-What are the characteristics of the incipient stage of a fire? - --cool
-good combustion
-little smoke
-good visability
-easy to breath
-radiative feedback
Questions and Answers
What are the conditions needed for a fire to occur? - -fuel (material that acts
as a fuel)
sources of ignition (chemical, biological, or physical)
oxygen
-What are the components of the fire tetrahedron? - -heat, fuel, oxygen,
chain reaction
-How do you stop a fire? - -Remove any of the components of the fire
tetrahedron (i.e. remove fuel, oxygen, heat, or interrupt the chemical
reaction)
-Oxygen - --21% ambient air
-robust flaming combustion down to 15-16%
-surface combustion (smoldering) down to about 11%
-loss of consciousness in atmospheres with 12% or less oxygen
-Heat - -anything that produces the required temperature for ignition
-sun
-open flame
-chemical reaction
-sparks
-friction
-Fuel - --only vapors burn
-liquids and solids must first be vaporized
-tendency of a substance to vaporize is an indication of its ability to burn
-liquids vaporize more readily than solids
-Chain reaction - --you can have oxygen, heat, and fuel in the same place
and still not have a fire
-fuel and oxygen relationship must be balanced (i.e. in the flammable range)
-heat must be sufficient to bring fuel to its ignition
-What is a flash point (of a liquid)? - --the lower temp that a liquid can give
off sufficient gas to form a flammable gas mixture near the surface of a liquid
-lowest temp at which we can have fire
-fire flashes across surface given sufficient oxygen and an external source of
ignition
, -What is a Fire point? - --just above the flash point, liquid gives off
flammable vapors rapidly enough to support continuous combustion
-What is ignition temperature? - --substance starts to burn
-heat from external heat source
-auto-ignitio, no external source of ignition needed
-What is auto ignition? - -vapor generated ignites without any outside
ignition source
-What is vaporization? - -rate increases with temperature
-What is spontaneous combustion? - -heat is generated by a chemical
action within a substance and this continues until you have ignition (usually
begins with oxidation and combines oxygen and gives off energy in the form
of heat)
-What is lower flammable limit? - -the least concentration of flammable
vapors in air that will burn
-What is upper flammable limit - -the greatest concentration of flammable
vapors in the air that will burn
-What are the results of combustion? - -smoke, flame, heat, and gases
-_____________ is the result of incomplete combustion - -smoke
-White or light grey indicates ____________ burning - -free
-Black or dark grey indicates a ______ fire or a _________ of oxygen - -hot,
lack
-How is flame produced? - -result of conversation of the fuel to a state of
blazing combustion
-How is heat generated? - -rapid oxidation of the material
-How are gases produced? - -result of combustion, may or may not be toxic
-What are the characteristics of the incipient stage of a fire? - --cool
-good combustion
-little smoke
-good visability
-easy to breath
-radiative feedback
