BIOL 1201 FINAL EXAM LSU WITH ALL
CORRECT ANSWERS
arrangement of subatomic particles - ANSWER-The nucleus (center) of the atom
contains the protons (positively charged) and the neutrons (no charge). The outermost
regions of the atom are called electron shells and contain the electrons (negatively
charged).
mole - ANSWER-a standard scientific unit for measuring large quantities of very small
entities such as atoms, molecules
molarity - ANSWER-the moles of a solute per liters of a solution (mol/L)
how to solve problems using gram molecular weight to determine concentration
(molarity) - ANSWER-1. Divide given grams by the molar mass
2. Divide by liters provided
how to solve for pH - ANSWER--log[H+]
pH decreases as H+ increases
In order to calculate the pH, take the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration. To
find the pOH, simply subtract the pH from 14.
In order to calculate the pOH, take the negative log of the hydroxide ion concentration.
To find the pH, simply subtract pOH from 14.
[H+][OH-]= 10E-14
basic properties of water - ANSWER-- Polar
- Hydrogen bonded
- Cohesive (hydrogen bonds hold the substance together) and adhesive (clinging go
one substance to another) properties
- High specific heat
- neutral pH
- universal solvent
- surface tension (a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a
liquid)
- less dense as solid than liquid
- high heat of vaporization
importance of water properties on biological systems - ANSWER-- Cohesion: helps
plants take up water at their roots
- High specific heat: moderates air temperature
, - helps animals regulate body temperature
- role as a solvent facilitates the transport of molecules like oxygen for respiration and
has a major impact on the ability of drugs to reach their targets in the body
- contributes to the formation of membranes surrounding cells (polar phospholipid head
and non polar phospholipid tails)
hydroxyl group - ANSWER-(-OH) or (HO-)
-polar due to electronegative oxygen
- forms hydrogen bonds with water
- compound name: alcohol
- example: ethanol
carbonyl group - ANSWER-- sugars with ketone groups are called ketoses, those with
aldehydes are called aldoses
- compound name: ketone or aldehyde
- polar
- examples: acetone (simplest ketone) and propanal ( an aldehyde)
carboxyl group - ANSWER-(-COOH)
- acts as an acid
- polar
- compound name: carboxylic acid, or organic acid
- examples: acetic acid, which gives vinegar its sour taste
amino group - ANSWER-(-NH2)
-acts as a base
- polar
- compound name: amine
- example: glycine
sulfhyrdryl group - ANSWER-(-SH) or (-HS)
-two -SH groups can react, forming a "cross-link" that helps stabilize protein structure
- forms disulfide bonds
- polar
- compound name: thiol
- example: cysteine
phosphate group - ANSWER-(-OPO3^2-)
- contributes negative charge
- when attached, confers on a molecule the ability react with the water, releasing energy
- polar
CORRECT ANSWERS
arrangement of subatomic particles - ANSWER-The nucleus (center) of the atom
contains the protons (positively charged) and the neutrons (no charge). The outermost
regions of the atom are called electron shells and contain the electrons (negatively
charged).
mole - ANSWER-a standard scientific unit for measuring large quantities of very small
entities such as atoms, molecules
molarity - ANSWER-the moles of a solute per liters of a solution (mol/L)
how to solve problems using gram molecular weight to determine concentration
(molarity) - ANSWER-1. Divide given grams by the molar mass
2. Divide by liters provided
how to solve for pH - ANSWER--log[H+]
pH decreases as H+ increases
In order to calculate the pH, take the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration. To
find the pOH, simply subtract the pH from 14.
In order to calculate the pOH, take the negative log of the hydroxide ion concentration.
To find the pH, simply subtract pOH from 14.
[H+][OH-]= 10E-14
basic properties of water - ANSWER-- Polar
- Hydrogen bonded
- Cohesive (hydrogen bonds hold the substance together) and adhesive (clinging go
one substance to another) properties
- High specific heat
- neutral pH
- universal solvent
- surface tension (a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a
liquid)
- less dense as solid than liquid
- high heat of vaporization
importance of water properties on biological systems - ANSWER-- Cohesion: helps
plants take up water at their roots
- High specific heat: moderates air temperature
, - helps animals regulate body temperature
- role as a solvent facilitates the transport of molecules like oxygen for respiration and
has a major impact on the ability of drugs to reach their targets in the body
- contributes to the formation of membranes surrounding cells (polar phospholipid head
and non polar phospholipid tails)
hydroxyl group - ANSWER-(-OH) or (HO-)
-polar due to electronegative oxygen
- forms hydrogen bonds with water
- compound name: alcohol
- example: ethanol
carbonyl group - ANSWER-- sugars with ketone groups are called ketoses, those with
aldehydes are called aldoses
- compound name: ketone or aldehyde
- polar
- examples: acetone (simplest ketone) and propanal ( an aldehyde)
carboxyl group - ANSWER-(-COOH)
- acts as an acid
- polar
- compound name: carboxylic acid, or organic acid
- examples: acetic acid, which gives vinegar its sour taste
amino group - ANSWER-(-NH2)
-acts as a base
- polar
- compound name: amine
- example: glycine
sulfhyrdryl group - ANSWER-(-SH) or (-HS)
-two -SH groups can react, forming a "cross-link" that helps stabilize protein structure
- forms disulfide bonds
- polar
- compound name: thiol
- example: cysteine
phosphate group - ANSWER-(-OPO3^2-)
- contributes negative charge
- when attached, confers on a molecule the ability react with the water, releasing energy
- polar
