Biological Principles Exam 3 Brooks
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER - The duplication and division of the nucleus
Done so in a way that you essentially have clones with NO variation
Takes place in somatic cells (non-sex cells)
Starts with one cell and creates 2 daughter cells
Replicated chromosomes are evenly divided so that each daughter cell recieves a complete set
Purpose of Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Growth - to increase the number of cells
Growth from a zygote (after fertilization)
Tissue repair
Asexual Reproduction (in some organisms)
Cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Division of the remaining cellular contents of the
cytoplasm
The duplication and divison of the REST of the cell excluding the nucleus
Occurs during telophase
Can happen during mitosis, but generally, NOT a part of mitosis (it is a seperate process)
Will either develop into new cell walls (plants) and plasma membranes (animals) for each
daughter cell
Cell Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - Before mitosis begins the cell must first grow and
duplicate chromosomes during interphase
Once this cycle is complete the cell will either undergo mitosis or meiosis
Interphase - CORRECT ANSWER - Majority of the cell's life is spent in this phase
,It is a stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows and genetic material is copied
3 Stages of Interphase - CORRECT ANSWER - G1 - Gap 1
S - DNA Synthesis
G2 - Gap 2
G1 Phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Active Growth and Metabolism
This is where you have normal cell metabolism
The cell grows larger
S Phase - CORRECT ANSWER - The cell replicates its DNA
G2 Phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Prepares to divide - synthesis of molecules in
preparation for cell division
This is where we make final preparations for mitosis
It is also where tubulin is synthesized
Meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Combining the genetics of our parents
Where we create variation
The purpose is sexual reproduction
As a result of meiosis, the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell (called a gamete) is
halved
At fertilization, when a male and female gametes fuse, the chromosome number of the resulting
zygote is restored to the normal number of chromosomes
Requires 2 divisions
DNA Replication - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA "unzips"
One side acts as the standard and it looks like a zipper unzipping as the other side copies it
Another name for this is "semi-conservative replication"
, DNA is synthesized and replicated based on the semi-conservative mechanism
A-T
C-G
Nucleosome - CORRECT ANSWER - Consists of:
2 full turns of DNA wrapped around a histone core via a H1 that locks DNA into place on the
histone core (like a clamp)
When DNA can function
Chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - Organized forms of condensed DNA
May contain many genes
Chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER - Uncondensed forms of DNA
Are available for transcription
Duplicated Chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - In G2 Phase
Unduplicated have the same # of chromosomes because that # always stays the same
Chromosomes consolidate when they duplicate
Has chromatids
Chromatids - CORRECT ANSWER - Each chromosome has two duplicated strands of
DNA
Each of these DNA strands can be called DNA strands, sister chromatids or monads
Centromere - CORRECT ANSWER - Two sister chromatids/monads are attached at the
centromere
Allows for the chromatids to function as one unit (aka chromosome)
Monad - CORRECT ANSWER - Synonym for chromatid - refers to a single chromatid
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER - The duplication and division of the nucleus
Done so in a way that you essentially have clones with NO variation
Takes place in somatic cells (non-sex cells)
Starts with one cell and creates 2 daughter cells
Replicated chromosomes are evenly divided so that each daughter cell recieves a complete set
Purpose of Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Growth - to increase the number of cells
Growth from a zygote (after fertilization)
Tissue repair
Asexual Reproduction (in some organisms)
Cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Division of the remaining cellular contents of the
cytoplasm
The duplication and divison of the REST of the cell excluding the nucleus
Occurs during telophase
Can happen during mitosis, but generally, NOT a part of mitosis (it is a seperate process)
Will either develop into new cell walls (plants) and plasma membranes (animals) for each
daughter cell
Cell Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - Before mitosis begins the cell must first grow and
duplicate chromosomes during interphase
Once this cycle is complete the cell will either undergo mitosis or meiosis
Interphase - CORRECT ANSWER - Majority of the cell's life is spent in this phase
,It is a stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows and genetic material is copied
3 Stages of Interphase - CORRECT ANSWER - G1 - Gap 1
S - DNA Synthesis
G2 - Gap 2
G1 Phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Active Growth and Metabolism
This is where you have normal cell metabolism
The cell grows larger
S Phase - CORRECT ANSWER - The cell replicates its DNA
G2 Phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Prepares to divide - synthesis of molecules in
preparation for cell division
This is where we make final preparations for mitosis
It is also where tubulin is synthesized
Meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Combining the genetics of our parents
Where we create variation
The purpose is sexual reproduction
As a result of meiosis, the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell (called a gamete) is
halved
At fertilization, when a male and female gametes fuse, the chromosome number of the resulting
zygote is restored to the normal number of chromosomes
Requires 2 divisions
DNA Replication - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA "unzips"
One side acts as the standard and it looks like a zipper unzipping as the other side copies it
Another name for this is "semi-conservative replication"
, DNA is synthesized and replicated based on the semi-conservative mechanism
A-T
C-G
Nucleosome - CORRECT ANSWER - Consists of:
2 full turns of DNA wrapped around a histone core via a H1 that locks DNA into place on the
histone core (like a clamp)
When DNA can function
Chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - Organized forms of condensed DNA
May contain many genes
Chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER - Uncondensed forms of DNA
Are available for transcription
Duplicated Chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - In G2 Phase
Unduplicated have the same # of chromosomes because that # always stays the same
Chromosomes consolidate when they duplicate
Has chromatids
Chromatids - CORRECT ANSWER - Each chromosome has two duplicated strands of
DNA
Each of these DNA strands can be called DNA strands, sister chromatids or monads
Centromere - CORRECT ANSWER - Two sister chromatids/monads are attached at the
centromere
Allows for the chromatids to function as one unit (aka chromosome)
Monad - CORRECT ANSWER - Synonym for chromatid - refers to a single chromatid
