Chapter 20: Acid-Base Balance
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. pH is a measurement of the
a. hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
b. hydroxide ion concentration of a solution
c. amount of buffer needed in a solution
d. both b and c above
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 445
OBJ: 1 TOP: pH of body fluids
2. A solution with a pH of 7.0
a. would have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
b. would have fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
c. would have an equal number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions
d. would be an acid solution
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 445 OBJ: 1
TOP: pH of body fluids
3. A solution with a pH of 9.0 would
a. be an acid solution
b. have fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
c. be neutral
d. have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 445 OBJ: 1
TOP: pH of body fluids
4. A solution with a pH of 5.0 would
a. be an acid solution
b. have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
c. be neutral
d. both a and b above
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 445 OBJ: 1
TOP: pH of body fluids
5. A solution with a pH of 7.0 would
a. have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
b. be an acid solution
c. be a neutral solution
d. both a and c above
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 445 OBJ: 1
TOP: pH of body fluids
6. If saliva has a pH of 7.7, arterial blood has a pH of 7.45. That means
a. arterial blood is more alkaline than saliva
b. arterial blood is more acid than saliva
, c. saliva has more hydrogen ions than arterial blood
d. both a and c above
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 446 OBJ: 1
TOP: pH of body fluids
7. The mechanism used by the body to regulate body pH is
a. the buffer system
b. the respiratory mechanism
c. the urinary mechanism
d. all of the above
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2 TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
8. The slightly lower pH of venous blood compared to arterial blood is caused by
a. the lower oxygen level of venous blood
b. the influx of lactic acid in venous blood
c. the influx of carbon dioxide in venous blood
d. all of the above
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2 TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
9. The enzyme that converts carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid is
a. carbonic anhydrase
b. carbaminohemoglobin
c. carbonate
d. carbon dioxidase
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2 TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
10. Buffer pairs
a. absorb hydrogen ions
b. absorb hydroxide ions
c. prevent sharp changes in the pH of a solution
d. all of the above
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2 TOP: Buffers
11. Metabolism tends to add
a. more bases than acids to the blood
b. more acids than bases to the blood
c. about an equal amount of acids and bases
d. only neutral substances to the blood
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2 TOP: Buffers
12. The results of metabolic processes usually add
a. relatively weak bases to the blood
, b. relatively strong bases to the blood
c. relatively weak acids to the blood
d. relatively strong acids to the blood
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2 TOP: Buffers
13. Strong acids tend to
a. greatly raise the pH
b. greatly lower the pH
c. do not dissociate as much as weak acids
d. both a and b above
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2 TOP: Buffers
14. When the carbonic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers an acid
a. water is an end product
b. carbonic anhydrase reacts with the carbonic acid
c. more sodium bicarbonate is formed
d. more carbonic acid is formed
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 448 OBJ: 2
TOP: Buffering action of sodium bicarbonate
15. When the carbonic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers an acid
a. the pH of the blood drops slightly
b. a weak acid is replaced by a strong acid
c. water is formed
d. both a and c above
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 447 OBJ: 2
TOP: Buffers
16. When the carbonic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers a base
a. water is produced
b. hydrogen ions are added to the solution
c. more carbonic acid is produced
d. both b and c above
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 448 OBJ: 2
TOP: Buffering action of carbonic acid
17. When the carbonic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers a base
a. sodium chloride is produced
b. water is produced
c. the pH rises less than it would if there were no buffer system
d. both b and c above
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 448 OBJ: 2
TOP: Buffers
18. An increased respiration rate
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. pH is a measurement of the
a. hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
b. hydroxide ion concentration of a solution
c. amount of buffer needed in a solution
d. both b and c above
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 445
OBJ: 1 TOP: pH of body fluids
2. A solution with a pH of 7.0
a. would have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
b. would have fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
c. would have an equal number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions
d. would be an acid solution
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 445 OBJ: 1
TOP: pH of body fluids
3. A solution with a pH of 9.0 would
a. be an acid solution
b. have fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
c. be neutral
d. have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 445 OBJ: 1
TOP: pH of body fluids
4. A solution with a pH of 5.0 would
a. be an acid solution
b. have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
c. be neutral
d. both a and b above
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 445 OBJ: 1
TOP: pH of body fluids
5. A solution with a pH of 7.0 would
a. have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
b. be an acid solution
c. be a neutral solution
d. both a and c above
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 445 OBJ: 1
TOP: pH of body fluids
6. If saliva has a pH of 7.7, arterial blood has a pH of 7.45. That means
a. arterial blood is more alkaline than saliva
b. arterial blood is more acid than saliva
, c. saliva has more hydrogen ions than arterial blood
d. both a and c above
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 446 OBJ: 1
TOP: pH of body fluids
7. The mechanism used by the body to regulate body pH is
a. the buffer system
b. the respiratory mechanism
c. the urinary mechanism
d. all of the above
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2 TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
8. The slightly lower pH of venous blood compared to arterial blood is caused by
a. the lower oxygen level of venous blood
b. the influx of lactic acid in venous blood
c. the influx of carbon dioxide in venous blood
d. all of the above
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2 TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
9. The enzyme that converts carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid is
a. carbonic anhydrase
b. carbaminohemoglobin
c. carbonate
d. carbon dioxidase
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2 TOP: Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids
10. Buffer pairs
a. absorb hydrogen ions
b. absorb hydroxide ions
c. prevent sharp changes in the pH of a solution
d. all of the above
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2 TOP: Buffers
11. Metabolism tends to add
a. more bases than acids to the blood
b. more acids than bases to the blood
c. about an equal amount of acids and bases
d. only neutral substances to the blood
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2 TOP: Buffers
12. The results of metabolic processes usually add
a. relatively weak bases to the blood
, b. relatively strong bases to the blood
c. relatively weak acids to the blood
d. relatively strong acids to the blood
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2 TOP: Buffers
13. Strong acids tend to
a. greatly raise the pH
b. greatly lower the pH
c. do not dissociate as much as weak acids
d. both a and b above
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 447
OBJ: 2 TOP: Buffers
14. When the carbonic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers an acid
a. water is an end product
b. carbonic anhydrase reacts with the carbonic acid
c. more sodium bicarbonate is formed
d. more carbonic acid is formed
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 448 OBJ: 2
TOP: Buffering action of sodium bicarbonate
15. When the carbonic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers an acid
a. the pH of the blood drops slightly
b. a weak acid is replaced by a strong acid
c. water is formed
d. both a and c above
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 447 OBJ: 2
TOP: Buffers
16. When the carbonic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers a base
a. water is produced
b. hydrogen ions are added to the solution
c. more carbonic acid is produced
d. both b and c above
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 448 OBJ: 2
TOP: Buffering action of carbonic acid
17. When the carbonic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers a base
a. sodium chloride is produced
b. water is produced
c. the pH rises less than it would if there were no buffer system
d. both b and c above
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 448 OBJ: 2
TOP: Buffers
18. An increased respiration rate
