BIOLOGY 1201 FINAL EXAM GREGG
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
subatomic particles - ANSWER-protons, neutrons, electrons
Proton charge and location - ANSWER-positive, nucleus
neutron charge and location - ANSWER-neutral, nucleus
Electron charge and location - ANSWER-negative (-) and outside nucleus in electron
cloud
valence electrons - ANSWER-electrons in the outermost shell
incomplete valence shells - ANSWER-atoms can share or transfer electrons with other
atoms, or make chemical bonds
Atoms valence - ANSWER-Bonding capacity = the number of unpaired electrons
required to complete valence shell
Chemically inert - ANSWER-Atoms with a full valence shell, do not form bonds
Covalent bond - ANSWER-the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms
Electronegativity - ANSWER-A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical
compound to attract electrons
nonpolar covalent bond - ANSWER-Share e- equally
polar covalent bond - ANSWER-unequal sharing of electrons
The # of unpaired e- in the valence shell of an atom = - ANSWER-Valence or # of
covalent bonds it can form
Properties of water - ANSWER-cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature,
expansion upon freezing, versatility as a solvent
cohesion of water molecules - ANSWER-hydrogen bonds hold water molecules
together, helps the transport of water against gravity in plants
moderation of temperature by water - ANSWER-Water absorbs heat from warmer air
and releases stored heat to cooler air
, Water can absorb or release a large amount of heat with only a slight change in its own
temperature
Versatility as a Solvent (Water) - ANSWER-The property of water that allows it to
dissolve polar substancess
water's high specific heat - ANSWER-Hydrogen Bonding
Heat absorbed - ANSWER-hydrogen bonds break
Heat released - ANSWER-hydrogen bonds form
Polarity allows water molecules to form ________ _____ with each other. - ANSWER-
hydrogen bonds
Solute - ANSWER-what is being dissolved
aqeuous solution - ANSWER-a solution in which the solvent is waters
Solution - ANSWER-A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Solvent - ANSWER-A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Expansion upon freezing of water - ANSWER-Hydrogen bonds make ice less dense
than liquid water. The lattice structure of ice makes it less dense than the freely flowing
molecules of liquid water, enabling it to float on water
Hydration Shell - ANSWER-the sphere of water molecules around a dissolved ion
High specific heat of water allows - ANSWER-Minimal temperature fluctuations to within
limits that permit life
Heat - ANSWER-thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another
kinetic energy - ANSWER-energy of motion
potential energy - ANSWER-stored energy that results from the position or shape of an
object
Hydrophilic - ANSWER-Affinity to water
Hydrophobic - ANSWER-Water fearing
if ice sank what would happen? - ANSWER-all bodies of water would eventually freeze
solid, making life impossible on Earth
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
subatomic particles - ANSWER-protons, neutrons, electrons
Proton charge and location - ANSWER-positive, nucleus
neutron charge and location - ANSWER-neutral, nucleus
Electron charge and location - ANSWER-negative (-) and outside nucleus in electron
cloud
valence electrons - ANSWER-electrons in the outermost shell
incomplete valence shells - ANSWER-atoms can share or transfer electrons with other
atoms, or make chemical bonds
Atoms valence - ANSWER-Bonding capacity = the number of unpaired electrons
required to complete valence shell
Chemically inert - ANSWER-Atoms with a full valence shell, do not form bonds
Covalent bond - ANSWER-the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms
Electronegativity - ANSWER-A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical
compound to attract electrons
nonpolar covalent bond - ANSWER-Share e- equally
polar covalent bond - ANSWER-unequal sharing of electrons
The # of unpaired e- in the valence shell of an atom = - ANSWER-Valence or # of
covalent bonds it can form
Properties of water - ANSWER-cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature,
expansion upon freezing, versatility as a solvent
cohesion of water molecules - ANSWER-hydrogen bonds hold water molecules
together, helps the transport of water against gravity in plants
moderation of temperature by water - ANSWER-Water absorbs heat from warmer air
and releases stored heat to cooler air
, Water can absorb or release a large amount of heat with only a slight change in its own
temperature
Versatility as a Solvent (Water) - ANSWER-The property of water that allows it to
dissolve polar substancess
water's high specific heat - ANSWER-Hydrogen Bonding
Heat absorbed - ANSWER-hydrogen bonds break
Heat released - ANSWER-hydrogen bonds form
Polarity allows water molecules to form ________ _____ with each other. - ANSWER-
hydrogen bonds
Solute - ANSWER-what is being dissolved
aqeuous solution - ANSWER-a solution in which the solvent is waters
Solution - ANSWER-A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Solvent - ANSWER-A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Expansion upon freezing of water - ANSWER-Hydrogen bonds make ice less dense
than liquid water. The lattice structure of ice makes it less dense than the freely flowing
molecules of liquid water, enabling it to float on water
Hydration Shell - ANSWER-the sphere of water molecules around a dissolved ion
High specific heat of water allows - ANSWER-Minimal temperature fluctuations to within
limits that permit life
Heat - ANSWER-thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another
kinetic energy - ANSWER-energy of motion
potential energy - ANSWER-stored energy that results from the position or shape of an
object
Hydrophilic - ANSWER-Affinity to water
Hydrophobic - ANSWER-Water fearing
if ice sank what would happen? - ANSWER-all bodies of water would eventually freeze
solid, making life impossible on Earth
