AACN Exam Questions With Correct
Answers.
3 D's of pellagra (niacin, vit B3, deficiency) - ANSWER-Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis
4 types of shock - ANSWER-Hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, obstructive
5 P's of compartment syndrome - ANSWER-Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia,
paralysis
A patient is admitted for the management of hypertensive emergency with acute aortic
dissection. Preferred pharmacotherapy includes: - ANSWER-Nitroprusside sodium and
labetalol.
ABCDEF Bundle - ANSWER-Evidence-based guide to help reduce delirium, improve
pain management and reduce long-term consequences for adult intensive care unit
(ICU) patients. It includes:
- Assess, Prevent, and Manage Pain
- Both Spontaneous Awakening Trials (SAT) and Spontaneous Breathing Trials (SBT)
- Choice of analgesia and sedation
- Delirium: Assess, Prevent, and Manage
- Early mobility and Exercise
- Family engagement and empowerment
Absolute contraindications to fibrinolysis - ANSWER-History of any cerebrovascular
event (ICH, intracranial neoplasm, aneurysm, AVM)
Non-hemorrhagic stroke (4.5hrs-3months prior)
Suspected aortic dissection
Active bleeding (except menstruation)
BP >180/110 (severe hypertension)
Streptokinase 6 months prior
ACE Inhibitors - ANSWER-"PRIL" Captopril, Enalapril, Afosiopril
Antihypertensive. Blocks ACE in lungs from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II
(powerful vasoconstrictor). Decreases BP, Decreased Aldosterone secretions, Sodium
and fluid loss.
Check BP before giving (hypotension)
*Orthostatic Hypotension
,Acidosis vs Alkalosis - ANSWER-ROME:
Respiratory - Opposite
Acidosis: pH is down, pCO2 is up
Alkalosis: pH is up, pCO2 is down
Metabolic - Equal
Acidosis: pH is down, pCO2 is down
Alkalosis: pH is up, pCO2 is up
Acupuncture for post-op pain? - ANSWER-Several clinical trials have demonstrated the
utility of acupuncture for post-operative pain management.
Addison's disease - ANSWER-A condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not
produce enough cortisol or aldosterone
Symptoms: hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypotension, postural hypotension,
hyperkalemia, lethargy, weakness, GI disturbances, weight loss,
hyperpigmentation/bronze skin, hypercalcemia, dehydration
Diagnosed with ACTH stimulation test
Afterload - ANSWER-The amount of resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle.
The pressure that the left ventricle must generate to overcome the high pressure in the
aorta to get blood out of the heart. Afterload is squeeze.
Albumin - ANSWER-3.5-5 g/dL
Alkaline phosphatase (part of LFTs) - ANSWER-30-120 IU/L
All of the following are requirements of informed consent except:
-The patient has knowledge of the diagnosis.
-The patient understands the nature and purpose of the procedure.
-The patient understands reasonable alternatives.
-The patient is declared competent to consent. - ANSWER--The patient is declared
competent to consent.
ALT (alanine transaminase) (part of LFTs) - ANSWER-1-45 IU/L
American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association has stages of
heart failure that describe: - ANSWER-How bad a patient's heart disease/failure is. You
can only progress in these stages, you can't go backwards:
✤Stage A: Patients at high risk for developing HF in the future but no functional or
structural heart disorder.
✤Stage B: a structural heart disease but no symptoms at any stage.
✤Stage C: structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of heart failure
✤Stage D: advanced, refractory heart failure requiring hospital-based treatments
, AMO therapy - ANSWER-Albumin, midodrine and octreotide, often referred to as AMO
therapy, are used for hepatorenal syndrome. They synergistically act to increase
circulating volume and improve renal perfusion by reversing sustained renal
vasoconstriction
Amylase range - ANSWER-25-125 IU/L
anaphylactic shock treatment - ANSWER-Volume replacement
Epinephrine
Glucocorticoids (IV and/or PO)
Antihistamine
Antidote for tricyclic antidepressant overdose - ANSWER-Sodium bicarbonate
aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) - ANSWER-25-35 seconds
ARBs - ANSWER-"SARTAN"
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
They decrease blood pressure, increase CO
-Examples: Valsartan (Diovan), Losartan (Cozaar), and Irbesartan (Avapro)
-Uses: hypertension and heart failure
-Nursing Considerations: watch for hyperkalemia, hypotension, and renal dysfunction
AST (aspartate transaminase) (part of LFTs) - ANSWER-1-45 IU/L
AST:ALT ratio in alcoholic liver disease - ANSWER->2:1
Azotemia - ANSWER-(excessive) urea and nitrogenous substances in the blood
Basophils role and normal range - ANSWER-Undetermined but they play a role in
anaphylaxis and autoimmune, 1%
Beck's triad - ANSWER-JVD, muffled heart sounds, decreased BP (indicate cardiac
tamponade)
Behcet's disease - ANSWER-Recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, eye inflammation
Beta blockers end in - ANSWER--olol
Bicarbonate - ANSWER-22-28
Biggest complication with PPN/TPN - ANSWER-The lines....clogging, infection, etc.
Biggest complication with tube feeds via the gut - ANSWER-Dumping syndrome
Decrease the feeding rate and reintroduce gradually
Answers.
3 D's of pellagra (niacin, vit B3, deficiency) - ANSWER-Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis
4 types of shock - ANSWER-Hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, obstructive
5 P's of compartment syndrome - ANSWER-Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia,
paralysis
A patient is admitted for the management of hypertensive emergency with acute aortic
dissection. Preferred pharmacotherapy includes: - ANSWER-Nitroprusside sodium and
labetalol.
ABCDEF Bundle - ANSWER-Evidence-based guide to help reduce delirium, improve
pain management and reduce long-term consequences for adult intensive care unit
(ICU) patients. It includes:
- Assess, Prevent, and Manage Pain
- Both Spontaneous Awakening Trials (SAT) and Spontaneous Breathing Trials (SBT)
- Choice of analgesia and sedation
- Delirium: Assess, Prevent, and Manage
- Early mobility and Exercise
- Family engagement and empowerment
Absolute contraindications to fibrinolysis - ANSWER-History of any cerebrovascular
event (ICH, intracranial neoplasm, aneurysm, AVM)
Non-hemorrhagic stroke (4.5hrs-3months prior)
Suspected aortic dissection
Active bleeding (except menstruation)
BP >180/110 (severe hypertension)
Streptokinase 6 months prior
ACE Inhibitors - ANSWER-"PRIL" Captopril, Enalapril, Afosiopril
Antihypertensive. Blocks ACE in lungs from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II
(powerful vasoconstrictor). Decreases BP, Decreased Aldosterone secretions, Sodium
and fluid loss.
Check BP before giving (hypotension)
*Orthostatic Hypotension
,Acidosis vs Alkalosis - ANSWER-ROME:
Respiratory - Opposite
Acidosis: pH is down, pCO2 is up
Alkalosis: pH is up, pCO2 is down
Metabolic - Equal
Acidosis: pH is down, pCO2 is down
Alkalosis: pH is up, pCO2 is up
Acupuncture for post-op pain? - ANSWER-Several clinical trials have demonstrated the
utility of acupuncture for post-operative pain management.
Addison's disease - ANSWER-A condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not
produce enough cortisol or aldosterone
Symptoms: hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypotension, postural hypotension,
hyperkalemia, lethargy, weakness, GI disturbances, weight loss,
hyperpigmentation/bronze skin, hypercalcemia, dehydration
Diagnosed with ACTH stimulation test
Afterload - ANSWER-The amount of resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle.
The pressure that the left ventricle must generate to overcome the high pressure in the
aorta to get blood out of the heart. Afterload is squeeze.
Albumin - ANSWER-3.5-5 g/dL
Alkaline phosphatase (part of LFTs) - ANSWER-30-120 IU/L
All of the following are requirements of informed consent except:
-The patient has knowledge of the diagnosis.
-The patient understands the nature and purpose of the procedure.
-The patient understands reasonable alternatives.
-The patient is declared competent to consent. - ANSWER--The patient is declared
competent to consent.
ALT (alanine transaminase) (part of LFTs) - ANSWER-1-45 IU/L
American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association has stages of
heart failure that describe: - ANSWER-How bad a patient's heart disease/failure is. You
can only progress in these stages, you can't go backwards:
✤Stage A: Patients at high risk for developing HF in the future but no functional or
structural heart disorder.
✤Stage B: a structural heart disease but no symptoms at any stage.
✤Stage C: structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of heart failure
✤Stage D: advanced, refractory heart failure requiring hospital-based treatments
, AMO therapy - ANSWER-Albumin, midodrine and octreotide, often referred to as AMO
therapy, are used for hepatorenal syndrome. They synergistically act to increase
circulating volume and improve renal perfusion by reversing sustained renal
vasoconstriction
Amylase range - ANSWER-25-125 IU/L
anaphylactic shock treatment - ANSWER-Volume replacement
Epinephrine
Glucocorticoids (IV and/or PO)
Antihistamine
Antidote for tricyclic antidepressant overdose - ANSWER-Sodium bicarbonate
aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) - ANSWER-25-35 seconds
ARBs - ANSWER-"SARTAN"
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
They decrease blood pressure, increase CO
-Examples: Valsartan (Diovan), Losartan (Cozaar), and Irbesartan (Avapro)
-Uses: hypertension and heart failure
-Nursing Considerations: watch for hyperkalemia, hypotension, and renal dysfunction
AST (aspartate transaminase) (part of LFTs) - ANSWER-1-45 IU/L
AST:ALT ratio in alcoholic liver disease - ANSWER->2:1
Azotemia - ANSWER-(excessive) urea and nitrogenous substances in the blood
Basophils role and normal range - ANSWER-Undetermined but they play a role in
anaphylaxis and autoimmune, 1%
Beck's triad - ANSWER-JVD, muffled heart sounds, decreased BP (indicate cardiac
tamponade)
Behcet's disease - ANSWER-Recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, eye inflammation
Beta blockers end in - ANSWER--olol
Bicarbonate - ANSWER-22-28
Biggest complication with PPN/TPN - ANSWER-The lines....clogging, infection, etc.
Biggest complication with tube feeds via the gut - ANSWER-Dumping syndrome
Decrease the feeding rate and reintroduce gradually
