MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS CHAPTER
1 STUDY GUIDE REVIEW WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
DNA contains deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates joined together by what type of
covalent bond?
A. aldehyde
B. ester
C. phosphodiester
D. peptide - ANSWER-phosphodiester
What do phosphoiester bonds attach? - ANSWER-hydroxyl oxygen of one
phosphorylated ribose sugar to the phosphate phosphorous of the next
Nucleotides in DNA consist of which of the following?
A. nitrogen base, deoxyribose, phosphate
B. nitrogen base, ribose, sulfur
C. Carbon base, ribose, phosphate
D. carbon base, glucose, carboxyl - ANSWER-nitrogen base, deoxyribose, phosphate
What is a unit of nucleic acid? - ANSWER-nucleotides
How many nitrogen bases make up the majority of DNA found in organisms? -
ANSWER-four
What are the four nitrogen bases that make up the majority of DNA in all organisms? -
ANSWER-adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine
In a double-stranded DNA molecule, base pairing of the two strands occurs between
A. a purine and a purine
B. a pyrimidine and a pyrimidine
C. a purine and a pyrimidine
D. Any type of nucleotide base - ANSWER-A purine and a pyrimidine
The nucleotides in single strand of DNA are held together by _________________
bonds between sugar and phosphate groups - ANSWER-phosphodiester
Which of the five ribose carbons of the deoxyribonucleotide are involved in formation of
the DNA chain?
A. 1' and 5'
B. 2' and 4'
C. 3' and 4'
, D. 3' and 5' - ANSWER-3' and 5'
Which of the following is a purine?
A. thymine
B. cytosine
C. adenine
D. alanine - ANSWER-adenine
Sequences that are not identical and are oriented in opposite directions are ; -
ANSWER-homologous DNA sequences
The term used to describe the arrangement of the individual strands in the double-
stranded DNA molecule is:
A. parallel
B. antiparallel
C. tangential
D. divergent - ANSWER-antiparallel
Nitrogen bases with a single ring structure (thymine, cytosine) are: - ANSWER-
pyrimidines
Nitrogen bases with a double ring structure (guanine, adenine) are: - ANSWER-purines
What type of bonds spontaneously form between two complementary strands of DNA?
A. hydrogen bonds
B. covalent bods
C. phosphodiester bonds
D. polar covalent bonds - ANSWER-hydrogen bonds
In a hydrogen bond, GUANINES in one chain form THREE hydrogen bonds with
________________ in the opposite chain. - ANSWER-cytosines
In a hydrogen bond, adenines form TWO hydrogen bonds with what in the opposite
chain: - ANSWER-thymines
In DNA replication, the leading strand is the strand that has which orientation? -
ANSWER-3' to 5'
In DNA replication, the leading strand is the strand that proceeds in which manner? -
ANSWER-continuous
In a DNA molecule, the 5' end contains a free _________________ group. - ANSWER-
phosphate
In a DNA molecule, the 3' end contains a _________________ end - ANSWER-
hydroxyl
1 STUDY GUIDE REVIEW WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
DNA contains deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates joined together by what type of
covalent bond?
A. aldehyde
B. ester
C. phosphodiester
D. peptide - ANSWER-phosphodiester
What do phosphoiester bonds attach? - ANSWER-hydroxyl oxygen of one
phosphorylated ribose sugar to the phosphate phosphorous of the next
Nucleotides in DNA consist of which of the following?
A. nitrogen base, deoxyribose, phosphate
B. nitrogen base, ribose, sulfur
C. Carbon base, ribose, phosphate
D. carbon base, glucose, carboxyl - ANSWER-nitrogen base, deoxyribose, phosphate
What is a unit of nucleic acid? - ANSWER-nucleotides
How many nitrogen bases make up the majority of DNA found in organisms? -
ANSWER-four
What are the four nitrogen bases that make up the majority of DNA in all organisms? -
ANSWER-adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine
In a double-stranded DNA molecule, base pairing of the two strands occurs between
A. a purine and a purine
B. a pyrimidine and a pyrimidine
C. a purine and a pyrimidine
D. Any type of nucleotide base - ANSWER-A purine and a pyrimidine
The nucleotides in single strand of DNA are held together by _________________
bonds between sugar and phosphate groups - ANSWER-phosphodiester
Which of the five ribose carbons of the deoxyribonucleotide are involved in formation of
the DNA chain?
A. 1' and 5'
B. 2' and 4'
C. 3' and 4'
, D. 3' and 5' - ANSWER-3' and 5'
Which of the following is a purine?
A. thymine
B. cytosine
C. adenine
D. alanine - ANSWER-adenine
Sequences that are not identical and are oriented in opposite directions are ; -
ANSWER-homologous DNA sequences
The term used to describe the arrangement of the individual strands in the double-
stranded DNA molecule is:
A. parallel
B. antiparallel
C. tangential
D. divergent - ANSWER-antiparallel
Nitrogen bases with a single ring structure (thymine, cytosine) are: - ANSWER-
pyrimidines
Nitrogen bases with a double ring structure (guanine, adenine) are: - ANSWER-purines
What type of bonds spontaneously form between two complementary strands of DNA?
A. hydrogen bonds
B. covalent bods
C. phosphodiester bonds
D. polar covalent bonds - ANSWER-hydrogen bonds
In a hydrogen bond, GUANINES in one chain form THREE hydrogen bonds with
________________ in the opposite chain. - ANSWER-cytosines
In a hydrogen bond, adenines form TWO hydrogen bonds with what in the opposite
chain: - ANSWER-thymines
In DNA replication, the leading strand is the strand that has which orientation? -
ANSWER-3' to 5'
In DNA replication, the leading strand is the strand that proceeds in which manner? -
ANSWER-continuous
In a DNA molecule, the 5' end contains a free _________________ group. - ANSWER-
phosphate
In a DNA molecule, the 3' end contains a _________________ end - ANSWER-
hydroxyl
