PALS AHA ACTUAL EXAM LATEST 2024/2025 QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A++
How many compressions per minute? - ANSWER 100-120
If no advanced airway, what is the compression-ventilation ratio? -
ANSWER 15-2
What if an advance airway is in place? - ANSWER Continuous
compressions with a breath every 2-3 seconds
What are the shock settings for defibrillation? - ANSWER -First Shock 2j/kg
-Second Shock 4j/kg
-Max of 10j/kg
In order, what drugs are used in a Pediatric Full Arrest? - ANSWER
Epinephrine, Amiodarone, and Lidocaine
What is the epinephrine dose? - ANSWER 0.01 mg/kg (max of 1 mg)
How often is epinephrine given? - ANSWER Every 3-5 minutes
What is the amiodarone does? - ANSWER 5 mg/kg (may repeat up to 3
total doses)
What is the Lidocaine dose? - ANSWER 1 mg/kg loading dose
What is the formula for ET Tube size? - ANSWER (Age / 4) + 4
What are the six "H" Reversible Causes? - ANSWER -Hypovolemia
-Hypoxia
-Hydrogen Ion (acidosis)
-Hypoglycemia
-Hypo/Hyperkalemia
-Hypothermia
What are the five "T" Reversible Causes? - ANSWER -Tension Pnuemo
-Tamponade
,-Toxins
-Thrombus, pulmonary
-Thrombus, coronary
What is the first question asked in a Pediatric Full Arrest? - ANSWER
Shockable or not shockable?
What rhythms are shockable? - ANSWER VF and pVT
What rhythms are not shockable? - ANSWER Asystole/PEA
In order, what drugs are used for Pediatric Bradycardia? - ANSWER
Epinephrine and Atropine
What is the dose for epinephrine? - ANSWER 0.01 mg/kg (every 3-5
minutes)
What is the endotracheal dose for epinephrine? - ANSWER 0.1 mg/kg
What is the dose for atropine? - ANSWER 0.02 mg/kg (minimum dose of
0.1 mg and max of 0.5 mg)
What are the three possible causes of bradycardia? - ANSWER -
Hypothermia
-Hypoxia
-Medications
What is the first question we ask for pediatric bradycardia? - ANSWER
Cardiopulmonary compromise or no?
What are the three signs of cardiopulmonary compromise? - ANSWER -
Altered mental status
-Signs of shock
-Hypotension
When would you initiate CPR? - ANSWER Heart rate less than 60
What settings are used for synchronized cardioversion in Pediatric
Tachycardia? - ANSWER Begin with 0.5 - 1 j/kg
,What if that is not effective? - ANSWER Increase to 2 j/kg
What drug is used in Pediatric Tachycardia? - ANSWER Adenosine
What is the dose for adenosine? - ANSWER -First Dose: 0.1 mg/kg (max of
6 mg)
-Second Dose: 0.2 mg/kg (max of 12 mg)
What is the first question we ask in Pediatric Tachycardia? - ANSWER
Cardiopulmonary compromise or no?
What are the three signs of cardiopulmonary compromise? - ANSWER -
Altered mental status
-Signs of shock
-Hypotension
What is the next question we ask? - ANSWER Narrow or wide QRS
Complex?
What constitutes narrow? - ANSWER Less than or equal to 0.09 seconds
What constitutes wide? - ANSWER Greater than 0.09 seconds
If the patient is compromised and narrow, what is the treatment? -
ANSWER Administer adenosine
If the patient is compromised and wide, what is the treatment? - ANSWER
Synchronized cardioversion
If the patient is not compromised and narrow, what is the treatment? -
ANSWER -Consider vagal maneuvers
- Administer adenosine
If the patient is not compromised and wide, what is the treatment? -
ANSWER Administer adenosine.
Signs of Septic Shock - ANSWER AMS, Altered HR, Altered Temp, Altered
Perfusion, Hypotension
Septic Shock 10-15 Minute Goals - ANSWER Monitor & Support ABCs
, HR, BP, Pulse Oximetry
Vascular Access
Draw blood cultures, Glucose, Ca+, don't delay antbx or IVF
Broad spectrum antbx, 20ml/kg isotonic IVF boluses (10ml/kg for neonate
or existing cardiac compromise)
Antipyretics if needed
Septic Shock 1 Hour Goals Continued Signs Shock - ANSWER Expert
Consultation & Vasoactive Drugs:
If cold ext., delay cap refill, hypotensive - EPI (dopamine is backup)
If warm ext., flash cap refill, low DBP
Norepinephrine (Levo) (higher dose dopamine if no levo)
Septic Shock In Critical Care Environment - ANSWER Central Access,
Arterial Line
Evaluate cortisol - risk for adrenal insufficiency, consider hydrocortisone
Goals of Therapy: Scv02 >= to 70%, adequate BP, normalized HR, good
CO/CI
If >= 70%:
Shock Signs Resolved: ICU, support functions, treat infection source
Poor Perfusion, Warm extremities despite Levo (norepi) gtt:
IVF Boluses, Continue Levo, Additional pressors
If <70%:
Poor Perfusion, cold extremities despite epi gtt:
IVF Boluses, Hgb <10 - transfuse,
If BP Low: Add Levo if diastolic BP low
If BP Adequate: Add milrinone, consider vasodilator or inotropic drug
Systematic Approach Algorithm Initial Impression - ANSWER appearance,
breathing, circulation
Systematic Approach Algorithm After Immediate Intervention - ANSWER
Evaluate
AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A++
How many compressions per minute? - ANSWER 100-120
If no advanced airway, what is the compression-ventilation ratio? -
ANSWER 15-2
What if an advance airway is in place? - ANSWER Continuous
compressions with a breath every 2-3 seconds
What are the shock settings for defibrillation? - ANSWER -First Shock 2j/kg
-Second Shock 4j/kg
-Max of 10j/kg
In order, what drugs are used in a Pediatric Full Arrest? - ANSWER
Epinephrine, Amiodarone, and Lidocaine
What is the epinephrine dose? - ANSWER 0.01 mg/kg (max of 1 mg)
How often is epinephrine given? - ANSWER Every 3-5 minutes
What is the amiodarone does? - ANSWER 5 mg/kg (may repeat up to 3
total doses)
What is the Lidocaine dose? - ANSWER 1 mg/kg loading dose
What is the formula for ET Tube size? - ANSWER (Age / 4) + 4
What are the six "H" Reversible Causes? - ANSWER -Hypovolemia
-Hypoxia
-Hydrogen Ion (acidosis)
-Hypoglycemia
-Hypo/Hyperkalemia
-Hypothermia
What are the five "T" Reversible Causes? - ANSWER -Tension Pnuemo
-Tamponade
,-Toxins
-Thrombus, pulmonary
-Thrombus, coronary
What is the first question asked in a Pediatric Full Arrest? - ANSWER
Shockable or not shockable?
What rhythms are shockable? - ANSWER VF and pVT
What rhythms are not shockable? - ANSWER Asystole/PEA
In order, what drugs are used for Pediatric Bradycardia? - ANSWER
Epinephrine and Atropine
What is the dose for epinephrine? - ANSWER 0.01 mg/kg (every 3-5
minutes)
What is the endotracheal dose for epinephrine? - ANSWER 0.1 mg/kg
What is the dose for atropine? - ANSWER 0.02 mg/kg (minimum dose of
0.1 mg and max of 0.5 mg)
What are the three possible causes of bradycardia? - ANSWER -
Hypothermia
-Hypoxia
-Medications
What is the first question we ask for pediatric bradycardia? - ANSWER
Cardiopulmonary compromise or no?
What are the three signs of cardiopulmonary compromise? - ANSWER -
Altered mental status
-Signs of shock
-Hypotension
When would you initiate CPR? - ANSWER Heart rate less than 60
What settings are used for synchronized cardioversion in Pediatric
Tachycardia? - ANSWER Begin with 0.5 - 1 j/kg
,What if that is not effective? - ANSWER Increase to 2 j/kg
What drug is used in Pediatric Tachycardia? - ANSWER Adenosine
What is the dose for adenosine? - ANSWER -First Dose: 0.1 mg/kg (max of
6 mg)
-Second Dose: 0.2 mg/kg (max of 12 mg)
What is the first question we ask in Pediatric Tachycardia? - ANSWER
Cardiopulmonary compromise or no?
What are the three signs of cardiopulmonary compromise? - ANSWER -
Altered mental status
-Signs of shock
-Hypotension
What is the next question we ask? - ANSWER Narrow or wide QRS
Complex?
What constitutes narrow? - ANSWER Less than or equal to 0.09 seconds
What constitutes wide? - ANSWER Greater than 0.09 seconds
If the patient is compromised and narrow, what is the treatment? -
ANSWER Administer adenosine
If the patient is compromised and wide, what is the treatment? - ANSWER
Synchronized cardioversion
If the patient is not compromised and narrow, what is the treatment? -
ANSWER -Consider vagal maneuvers
- Administer adenosine
If the patient is not compromised and wide, what is the treatment? -
ANSWER Administer adenosine.
Signs of Septic Shock - ANSWER AMS, Altered HR, Altered Temp, Altered
Perfusion, Hypotension
Septic Shock 10-15 Minute Goals - ANSWER Monitor & Support ABCs
, HR, BP, Pulse Oximetry
Vascular Access
Draw blood cultures, Glucose, Ca+, don't delay antbx or IVF
Broad spectrum antbx, 20ml/kg isotonic IVF boluses (10ml/kg for neonate
or existing cardiac compromise)
Antipyretics if needed
Septic Shock 1 Hour Goals Continued Signs Shock - ANSWER Expert
Consultation & Vasoactive Drugs:
If cold ext., delay cap refill, hypotensive - EPI (dopamine is backup)
If warm ext., flash cap refill, low DBP
Norepinephrine (Levo) (higher dose dopamine if no levo)
Septic Shock In Critical Care Environment - ANSWER Central Access,
Arterial Line
Evaluate cortisol - risk for adrenal insufficiency, consider hydrocortisone
Goals of Therapy: Scv02 >= to 70%, adequate BP, normalized HR, good
CO/CI
If >= 70%:
Shock Signs Resolved: ICU, support functions, treat infection source
Poor Perfusion, Warm extremities despite Levo (norepi) gtt:
IVF Boluses, Continue Levo, Additional pressors
If <70%:
Poor Perfusion, cold extremities despite epi gtt:
IVF Boluses, Hgb <10 - transfuse,
If BP Low: Add Levo if diastolic BP low
If BP Adequate: Add milrinone, consider vasodilator or inotropic drug
Systematic Approach Algorithm Initial Impression - ANSWER appearance,
breathing, circulation
Systematic Approach Algorithm After Immediate Intervention - ANSWER
Evaluate
