CVRN Practice Questions with correct answers
Pulmonary edema Correct Answer.-Nitroglycerin - reduce preload
loop diuretic - promote diuresis and venodilation
morphine - reduce anxiety
ACE inhibitors - reduce afterload
Ventricular tachycardia Correct Answer.-3 or more ventricular
contractions in a row at a rate of 100-200 bpm.
Defibrillate if patient is unconscious or unstable
Cardiac tamponade Correct Answer.-S/S: decresed chest tube drainage,
muffled heart sounds, tachycardia, pulsus paradoxus, and decreased
urinary output.
if chest tube is kinked/blocked you can milk it but not strip it.
cardiac ischemia Correct Answer.-characterized by inverted T waves
(ST segment will elevate as heart muscle is damaged and elevated
symmetrical T waves will form)
Q wave MI Correct Answer.-Q or QS waves develop as repolarization is
altered or absent
,Q wave changes are usually permanent
Pericardities Correct Answer.-sudden onset of intermittent substernal pain
that refers to the neck, arm, and back
angina pain Correct Answer.-related to exertion and lasts 5-15 min.
Felt substernal or retrosternal, radiating across the chest and sometimes
in the neck, arm, and jaw.
Myocardial pain Correct Answer.-lasts over 15 min and occurs
spontaineously or after unstable angina
It is substernal or over the pericardium with possible spread across the
shoulders and hands
Anxiety pain Correct Answer.-lasts 2-3 min
tends to occur across the chest and not radiate
possible numbness in the hands and mouth
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) Correct Answer.-A ratio derived by dividing
the ankle blood pressure by the brachial blood pressure; this calculation
is used to assess the vascular status of the lower extremities. To obtain
, the ABI, a blood pressure cuff is applied to the lower extremities just
above the malleoli. The systolic pressure is measured by Doppler
ultrasound at both the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses. The
higher of these two pressures is then divided by the higher of the two
brachial pulses.
>1.2 - possible calcification in vessel walls
1-1.2 - Normal
.9-.99 - acceptable
.8-.89 - some arterial disease
0.5-0.79 - moderate arterial disease (intermittent claudication)
<0.5 - severe disease, ischemia
S4 sounds Correct Answer.-Atrial Gallop - Extra beat occurring just
before s1
associated with:
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
- hypertension
- aortic stenosis
S3 Correct Answer.-extra beat heard after S2
associated with:
- decreased ventricular compliance
Pulmonary edema Correct Answer.-Nitroglycerin - reduce preload
loop diuretic - promote diuresis and venodilation
morphine - reduce anxiety
ACE inhibitors - reduce afterload
Ventricular tachycardia Correct Answer.-3 or more ventricular
contractions in a row at a rate of 100-200 bpm.
Defibrillate if patient is unconscious or unstable
Cardiac tamponade Correct Answer.-S/S: decresed chest tube drainage,
muffled heart sounds, tachycardia, pulsus paradoxus, and decreased
urinary output.
if chest tube is kinked/blocked you can milk it but not strip it.
cardiac ischemia Correct Answer.-characterized by inverted T waves
(ST segment will elevate as heart muscle is damaged and elevated
symmetrical T waves will form)
Q wave MI Correct Answer.-Q or QS waves develop as repolarization is
altered or absent
,Q wave changes are usually permanent
Pericardities Correct Answer.-sudden onset of intermittent substernal pain
that refers to the neck, arm, and back
angina pain Correct Answer.-related to exertion and lasts 5-15 min.
Felt substernal or retrosternal, radiating across the chest and sometimes
in the neck, arm, and jaw.
Myocardial pain Correct Answer.-lasts over 15 min and occurs
spontaineously or after unstable angina
It is substernal or over the pericardium with possible spread across the
shoulders and hands
Anxiety pain Correct Answer.-lasts 2-3 min
tends to occur across the chest and not radiate
possible numbness in the hands and mouth
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) Correct Answer.-A ratio derived by dividing
the ankle blood pressure by the brachial blood pressure; this calculation
is used to assess the vascular status of the lower extremities. To obtain
, the ABI, a blood pressure cuff is applied to the lower extremities just
above the malleoli. The systolic pressure is measured by Doppler
ultrasound at both the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses. The
higher of these two pressures is then divided by the higher of the two
brachial pulses.
>1.2 - possible calcification in vessel walls
1-1.2 - Normal
.9-.99 - acceptable
.8-.89 - some arterial disease
0.5-0.79 - moderate arterial disease (intermittent claudication)
<0.5 - severe disease, ischemia
S4 sounds Correct Answer.-Atrial Gallop - Extra beat occurring just
before s1
associated with:
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
- hypertension
- aortic stenosis
S3 Correct Answer.-extra beat heard after S2
associated with:
- decreased ventricular compliance
