HLSC 2416 EXAM 1COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWER LATEST UPLOAD
2024/ 2025 WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Pregnant women weight - ANSWER-measures weight monthly up to 30 weeks gestation,
then every two weeks, during last month of pregnancy weight should be measured weekly
aging adult height - ANSWER--With age, height declines in both men and women very
slowly from early 30s
-Height measures may not be accurate in individuals confined to a bed or wheelchair or those
over 60 years of age because of osteoporotic changes
-Therefore, arm span, which is correlated with height, may be better measure for elderly
Serial Assessment - ANSWER-To monitor nutritional status in malnourished individuals or
individuals at risk for malnutrition
-weight and dietary intake should be measured weekly
classification of malnutrition - ANSWER--Obesity
-Marasmus (protein-calorie malnutrition)
-Kwashiorkor (high in calories but little protein)
-Marasmus/Kwashiorkor mix
nutritional deficiencies-abnormal findings - ANSWER--Pellagra
-Scorbutic gums
-Follicular hyperkeratosis
-Bitot's spots
-Kwashiorkor
-Rickets
-Magenta tongue
-HIV-associated malnutrition
-Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)
,health promotions - ANSWER-Eat a variety of foods from all basic food groups
Consume recommended amounts of fruits/vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat
milk products or equivalents
Limit intake of foods high in saturated or trans fats, added sugars, starch, cholesterol, salt,
and alcohol
Match calorie intake with calorie expended
Be physically active for at least 30 minutes most every day of the week
Follow food safety guidelines for handling, preparing, and storing foods
Inspection - ANSWER-look for area for redness, drainage, swelling, discoralation, symmetry,
normality
-you will need tools to visualize the inner ear (otoscope), the eye(ophthalmoscope), penlight,
nasal speculum, vaginal speculum
ex: downs children have a classic look, flat nose, upward slanting eyes, single crease in palms
-one leg is longer if hip is broken
palpation - ANSWER-feel the area for firmness, masses, nodules or lymph nodes under the
skin, palpable organs, warmth, pain
ex: cervical lymph nodes along the neck are swollen and tender with many types of
infections. mononucleosis
ex: the liver is palpable and measurable is only palpable in non-obese patients
,Example- Appendicitis is easily diagnosed with pain at McBurney's point
How to palpate - ANSWER-your palpation technique should be slow and systematic, calm
and gentle. Warm your hands by kneading them together or holding them under warm water.
Identify any tender areas and palpate them last.
Start with light palpation to detect surface characteristics and to accustom the person to being
touched. Then perform deeper palpation. Keep in mind that the person needs to be relaxed to
allow adequate palpation. You might find it helpful to encourage the person to use relaxation
techniques such as imagery or deep breathing. With deep palpation (as for abdominal
contents), intermittent pressure is better than one long, continuous palpation. Avoid any
situation in which deep palpation could cause internal injury or pain.
percussion - ANSWER--most useful over the chest and abdomen
-spread your fingers and place them on the area of interest, tap your fingers with other hand
-tympanic-high pitch, over air in stomach and intestines
-hyper resonant-over a childs lung
-resonant-low pitch, hollow
-dull, over dense tissue like liver
-flat, over muscle and bone
auscultation - ANSWER--listening with a stethoscope to heart, lungs, abdomen, blood vessels
like the carotid arteries, the abnormal aorta, arteriovenous fistulas
-diaphragm: wider end used for breath sounds or normal sounds
-bell: soft low pitch sound, heart sound or heart murmurs
-hair on chest;shave the patient move to where no hair is
-warm stethoscope with palm of hand first
-stethoscope blocks out the extra sound
setting - ANSWER--warm, comfortable, quiet, private, and well lit
-limit distraction
-natural lighting is best, or from 2 light sources(gooseneck lamp)
-examination table(up to 45 degrees)
, -bedsides table(for equipment
-is the patient dressed appropriately?
-do you have privacy
-did you wash your hands in front of patient
general approach to clinical setting - ANSWER-•Wash hands, wear gloves, gown the patient
if necessary, adjust the lighting
•Get measurements, height, weight, blood pressure , pulse, Sao2 and build rapport with your
client
•Inspect the hands first, builds trust
•You can document on form or EMR as you go, and most are arranged in a head-to-toe
format
•Keep your patient warm and expose only as needed
syhygmomanometer - ANSWER-instrument to measure blood pressure
penlight - ANSWER-flashlight used to observe size and reaction of the patient's pupils
tounge depressor - ANSWER-used for gag reflux
maintain clean and safe environment - ANSWER--clean stethoscope with alcohol wipe
before and after patient contact
-clean vs. used area for equipment
-prevent nosocomial infections
standard precautions- all body fluids are contaminated
personal clinical hygiene - ANSWER-hand hygiene(15-20 seconds), use gloves, gown, mask,
eye protection or face shield, use cough etiquette
infant-position, preparation, and sequence - ANSWER-•Place flat on exam table so that the
caregiver can be seen, caregiver can hold the infant as well
QUESTIONS AND ANSWER LATEST UPLOAD
2024/ 2025 WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Pregnant women weight - ANSWER-measures weight monthly up to 30 weeks gestation,
then every two weeks, during last month of pregnancy weight should be measured weekly
aging adult height - ANSWER--With age, height declines in both men and women very
slowly from early 30s
-Height measures may not be accurate in individuals confined to a bed or wheelchair or those
over 60 years of age because of osteoporotic changes
-Therefore, arm span, which is correlated with height, may be better measure for elderly
Serial Assessment - ANSWER-To monitor nutritional status in malnourished individuals or
individuals at risk for malnutrition
-weight and dietary intake should be measured weekly
classification of malnutrition - ANSWER--Obesity
-Marasmus (protein-calorie malnutrition)
-Kwashiorkor (high in calories but little protein)
-Marasmus/Kwashiorkor mix
nutritional deficiencies-abnormal findings - ANSWER--Pellagra
-Scorbutic gums
-Follicular hyperkeratosis
-Bitot's spots
-Kwashiorkor
-Rickets
-Magenta tongue
-HIV-associated malnutrition
-Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)
,health promotions - ANSWER-Eat a variety of foods from all basic food groups
Consume recommended amounts of fruits/vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat
milk products or equivalents
Limit intake of foods high in saturated or trans fats, added sugars, starch, cholesterol, salt,
and alcohol
Match calorie intake with calorie expended
Be physically active for at least 30 minutes most every day of the week
Follow food safety guidelines for handling, preparing, and storing foods
Inspection - ANSWER-look for area for redness, drainage, swelling, discoralation, symmetry,
normality
-you will need tools to visualize the inner ear (otoscope), the eye(ophthalmoscope), penlight,
nasal speculum, vaginal speculum
ex: downs children have a classic look, flat nose, upward slanting eyes, single crease in palms
-one leg is longer if hip is broken
palpation - ANSWER-feel the area for firmness, masses, nodules or lymph nodes under the
skin, palpable organs, warmth, pain
ex: cervical lymph nodes along the neck are swollen and tender with many types of
infections. mononucleosis
ex: the liver is palpable and measurable is only palpable in non-obese patients
,Example- Appendicitis is easily diagnosed with pain at McBurney's point
How to palpate - ANSWER-your palpation technique should be slow and systematic, calm
and gentle. Warm your hands by kneading them together or holding them under warm water.
Identify any tender areas and palpate them last.
Start with light palpation to detect surface characteristics and to accustom the person to being
touched. Then perform deeper palpation. Keep in mind that the person needs to be relaxed to
allow adequate palpation. You might find it helpful to encourage the person to use relaxation
techniques such as imagery or deep breathing. With deep palpation (as for abdominal
contents), intermittent pressure is better than one long, continuous palpation. Avoid any
situation in which deep palpation could cause internal injury or pain.
percussion - ANSWER--most useful over the chest and abdomen
-spread your fingers and place them on the area of interest, tap your fingers with other hand
-tympanic-high pitch, over air in stomach and intestines
-hyper resonant-over a childs lung
-resonant-low pitch, hollow
-dull, over dense tissue like liver
-flat, over muscle and bone
auscultation - ANSWER--listening with a stethoscope to heart, lungs, abdomen, blood vessels
like the carotid arteries, the abnormal aorta, arteriovenous fistulas
-diaphragm: wider end used for breath sounds or normal sounds
-bell: soft low pitch sound, heart sound or heart murmurs
-hair on chest;shave the patient move to where no hair is
-warm stethoscope with palm of hand first
-stethoscope blocks out the extra sound
setting - ANSWER--warm, comfortable, quiet, private, and well lit
-limit distraction
-natural lighting is best, or from 2 light sources(gooseneck lamp)
-examination table(up to 45 degrees)
, -bedsides table(for equipment
-is the patient dressed appropriately?
-do you have privacy
-did you wash your hands in front of patient
general approach to clinical setting - ANSWER-•Wash hands, wear gloves, gown the patient
if necessary, adjust the lighting
•Get measurements, height, weight, blood pressure , pulse, Sao2 and build rapport with your
client
•Inspect the hands first, builds trust
•You can document on form or EMR as you go, and most are arranged in a head-to-toe
format
•Keep your patient warm and expose only as needed
syhygmomanometer - ANSWER-instrument to measure blood pressure
penlight - ANSWER-flashlight used to observe size and reaction of the patient's pupils
tounge depressor - ANSWER-used for gag reflux
maintain clean and safe environment - ANSWER--clean stethoscope with alcohol wipe
before and after patient contact
-clean vs. used area for equipment
-prevent nosocomial infections
standard precautions- all body fluids are contaminated
personal clinical hygiene - ANSWER-hand hygiene(15-20 seconds), use gloves, gown, mask,
eye protection or face shield, use cough etiquette
infant-position, preparation, and sequence - ANSWER-•Place flat on exam table so that the
caregiver can be seen, caregiver can hold the infant as well
