Microbiology test 1, Park Exam|
Questions with Answers
Microbiology is the study of - -microorganisms
- Microorganisms are (3) - -unicellular, microscopic, organisms
- Classification of Microorganisms (5) - -All prokaryotes, most protists, some
fungi, some animals/plants, viruses
- What are properties of all cells? - -Compartmentalization and metabolism,
growth, evolution
- A cell is a compartment that takes up nutrients from the environment,
transforms them, and releases wastes into the environment. Thus it is an
open system - -Compartmentalization and metabolism
- Chemicals from the environment are turned into new cells under their
genetic direction of preexisting cells - -Growth
- Cells contain genes and evolve to display new biological properties.
Phylogenic trees show this relationship between cells - -Evolution
- What are properties of some cells? - -Motility, differentiation,
communication
- Some cells are capable of self-propulsion - -Motility
- Some cells can form new cell structures such as a spore, usually as part of
a cellular life cycle - -Differentiation
- Many cells communicate or interact by means of chemicals that are
released or taken up - -Communication
- Why are microbes important? - -they can be found in almost every
environment imaginable
- What is the global estimate of microbes? - -5x10^30 microbes
- 5 things microbes do - -disease agents, agricultural implication, food,
energy production/bio remediation, biotechnology
- What are four disease agents - -True pathogens, opportunistic pathogens,
normal flora and probiotics
, - capable of causing disease in healthy persons with normal immune
defenses. they are born as pathogens - -true pathogens
- What are examples of true pathogens - -influenza virus and malarial
protozoan
- cause disease when the host's defenses are compromised or when they
grow in part of the body that is not natural to them - -Opportunistic
pathogens
- What are examples of opportunistic pathogens - -Pseudomonas spp. and
candida albicans
- microbes usually found associated with animal body tissue, prevent
invading pathogens - -Normal flora
- same types of bacteria as some of the normal flora; may provide similar
health benefits; can be added to the diet through supplements - -Probiotics
- What are negative impacts of microorganisms and food? - -Food spoilage
requires specialized preservation of many foods
- What are positive impacts of microorganisms and food? - -Microbial
transformations, fermentations, dairy products
- Many aspects of agriculture depend on microbial activities such as - -
nitrogen fixing bacteria, cellular degrading microbes in the rumen, and
regeneration of nutrients in soil and water
- Takes triple bonded nitrogens and breaks them and adds hydrogens to
them - -Nitrogen fixation by microbes
- What is the role of microbes in biofuels production - -methane, ethanol,
hydrogen
- What is the role of microbes in cleaning up pollutants - -Bioremediation
- Microorganisms and their genetic resources - -Exploitation of microbes for
production of antibiotics, enzymes, and various chemicals and genetic
engineering of microbes to generate products of value to humans, such as
insulin
- Exploitation of microbes for production of - -antibiotics, enzymes and
various chemicals
Questions with Answers
Microbiology is the study of - -microorganisms
- Microorganisms are (3) - -unicellular, microscopic, organisms
- Classification of Microorganisms (5) - -All prokaryotes, most protists, some
fungi, some animals/plants, viruses
- What are properties of all cells? - -Compartmentalization and metabolism,
growth, evolution
- A cell is a compartment that takes up nutrients from the environment,
transforms them, and releases wastes into the environment. Thus it is an
open system - -Compartmentalization and metabolism
- Chemicals from the environment are turned into new cells under their
genetic direction of preexisting cells - -Growth
- Cells contain genes and evolve to display new biological properties.
Phylogenic trees show this relationship between cells - -Evolution
- What are properties of some cells? - -Motility, differentiation,
communication
- Some cells are capable of self-propulsion - -Motility
- Some cells can form new cell structures such as a spore, usually as part of
a cellular life cycle - -Differentiation
- Many cells communicate or interact by means of chemicals that are
released or taken up - -Communication
- Why are microbes important? - -they can be found in almost every
environment imaginable
- What is the global estimate of microbes? - -5x10^30 microbes
- 5 things microbes do - -disease agents, agricultural implication, food,
energy production/bio remediation, biotechnology
- What are four disease agents - -True pathogens, opportunistic pathogens,
normal flora and probiotics
, - capable of causing disease in healthy persons with normal immune
defenses. they are born as pathogens - -true pathogens
- What are examples of true pathogens - -influenza virus and malarial
protozoan
- cause disease when the host's defenses are compromised or when they
grow in part of the body that is not natural to them - -Opportunistic
pathogens
- What are examples of opportunistic pathogens - -Pseudomonas spp. and
candida albicans
- microbes usually found associated with animal body tissue, prevent
invading pathogens - -Normal flora
- same types of bacteria as some of the normal flora; may provide similar
health benefits; can be added to the diet through supplements - -Probiotics
- What are negative impacts of microorganisms and food? - -Food spoilage
requires specialized preservation of many foods
- What are positive impacts of microorganisms and food? - -Microbial
transformations, fermentations, dairy products
- Many aspects of agriculture depend on microbial activities such as - -
nitrogen fixing bacteria, cellular degrading microbes in the rumen, and
regeneration of nutrients in soil and water
- Takes triple bonded nitrogens and breaks them and adds hydrogens to
them - -Nitrogen fixation by microbes
- What is the role of microbes in biofuels production - -methane, ethanol,
hydrogen
- What is the role of microbes in cleaning up pollutants - -Bioremediation
- Microorganisms and their genetic resources - -Exploitation of microbes for
production of antibiotics, enzymes, and various chemicals and genetic
engineering of microbes to generate products of value to humans, such as
insulin
- Exploitation of microbes for production of - -antibiotics, enzymes and
various chemicals
