MADM 701 Ch. 7 & 8 Exam Questions
and Answers
Positive Organizational Behavior (POB) - Answers -the study and application of positive
oriented human resources strengths and psychological capacities that can be
measured, developed, and effectively managed for performance improvement in today's
workplace
Positive Organizational Behavior (POB) construct - Answers -It is different than positive
psychology because:
1. Based on theory and research - POB based on constantly building theoretical
grounding and continuing basic and applied reasearch findings
2. Valid measurers - the construct must have reliable and valid measures
3. "state-like" and thus open to development - POB contruct must be state-like;
state-like criterion says that the psychological capacity can be developed and trained,
whereas, most of the positive psychology variables like virtue and character are more
trait-like and thus relatively fixed.
4. Managed for performance improvement (concerned with workplace and how to
improve human performance)- this seperates POB from positive psychology. POB most
concerned with how the positive psychological resource capacity can be applied to
improve human performance in the workplace (leaders/managers/HR)
state-like - Answers -situationally based - open to learning, change and development
trait-like - Answers -dispositional, relatively fixed across situations and time
efficacy, optimism, hope and resiliency
other potential positive constructs meet the POB criteria are:
happiness/subjective well-being and emotional intelligence (EI) - Answers -Positive
Psychological capacities to best meet there four criteria
Positive Psychology - Answers -Concerned with optimal human functioning rather than
pathological human functioning
Aim is to use scientific methodology to discover and promote the factors that allow
individuals, groups, organizations, and communities to thrive.
,Three Levels of positive psychology - Answers --Valued subjective experiences
-Positive individual traits
-Civic virtue
Valued subjective experiences - Answers -Level of positive psychology which is related
to the past, present, and future
-Examples for past: well-being, contentment, and satisfaction
-Examples for present: flow and happiness
-Examples for future: hope and optimism
Positive individual traits - Answers -Level of positive psychology which has the capacity
for love and vocation, courage, forgiveness, high talent, and wisdom
Civic virtue - Answers -Level of positive psychology which moves individuals toward
better citizenship
-Examples: responsibility, altruism and work ethic
organizational life
organizational behavior - Answers -Positive psychology "positive" goals have obvious
implications not only for therapy, well-being, education, family life, social relation, but
also for ______ and ______.
H-R-W well-being
Health (physical and mental)
Relationships (social networks, friends/life partners)
Work Performance (from psychological Capital (PsyCap) - Answers -Positive
psychology has significant correlation (.3 average) between health, relationships, and
work. this is called what?
Happiness or Level of Positivity - Answers --About 50% determined by genetics (hard-
wired)
-About 10% determined by life circumstances (your chances of being happy and
becoming happier are pretty much the same)
-About 40% determined by intentional activity (positivity or HRW well-being)
Positivity is under one's own control (well-being)
Health (physical and mental)
Relationships (social networks, friends/life partners)
Work Performance (from psychological Capital (PsyCap) - Answers -Is to appreciate the
promise of the great impact that you can make on your own life through intentional
strategies that you can implement to remake yourself as a happier person
POB criterion of being state-like and open to development - Answers -criteria-meeting
POB positive psychological resources of efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilency can
, intentionally be used by one's self or by leading human resources to directly impact
work performance, relationships and health.
Self-Efficacy/Confidence
Confidence - application in business and sports
Self-Efficacy - application in academic discusions - Answers --Most theoretically
developed and researched POB construct
-An individual's conviction about his or her abilities to mobilize the motivation, cognitive
resources and courses of action needed to successfully execute a specific task within a
given context
Specific Efficacy
efficacy on a specific task and context - Answers -people's belief in successfully
completing a specific task;
state-like and open to training and development; thus meets criterion for POB
General Efficacy - Answers -people's belief in successfully accomplishing tasks across
a wide variety of achievement situations;
trait-like and stable over time and across situations (like a personality trait); fixed
Self-esteem
(stable and trait-like)
(aimed at any aspect of one's current self)
ex: salesperson has low self esteem bc he knows his career is based on selling
unneeded items to customers who can afford it - Answers -this is global construct of
one's evaluation and belief of worthiness, whereas self-efficacy is one's belief of task
and context specific capability
EX: Salesperson sells luxury cars to low-income customers
Self-efficacy
(perceptions of ability, skill, knowledge, experience with specific task) - Answers -is the
judgment of one's ability to successfully execute a certain behavior pattern; whereas
outcome expectancy is a judgment of consequences to such behavior
Individual's __________________evaluations come before behavior outcome
expectancies are considered
Locus of control attributions - Answers -focused on action-outcome contengencies;
whereas, self-efficacy focused on individual beliefs related to task performance
Optimism - Answers -Positive effect on physical and psychological health
and Answers
Positive Organizational Behavior (POB) - Answers -the study and application of positive
oriented human resources strengths and psychological capacities that can be
measured, developed, and effectively managed for performance improvement in today's
workplace
Positive Organizational Behavior (POB) construct - Answers -It is different than positive
psychology because:
1. Based on theory and research - POB based on constantly building theoretical
grounding and continuing basic and applied reasearch findings
2. Valid measurers - the construct must have reliable and valid measures
3. "state-like" and thus open to development - POB contruct must be state-like;
state-like criterion says that the psychological capacity can be developed and trained,
whereas, most of the positive psychology variables like virtue and character are more
trait-like and thus relatively fixed.
4. Managed for performance improvement (concerned with workplace and how to
improve human performance)- this seperates POB from positive psychology. POB most
concerned with how the positive psychological resource capacity can be applied to
improve human performance in the workplace (leaders/managers/HR)
state-like - Answers -situationally based - open to learning, change and development
trait-like - Answers -dispositional, relatively fixed across situations and time
efficacy, optimism, hope and resiliency
other potential positive constructs meet the POB criteria are:
happiness/subjective well-being and emotional intelligence (EI) - Answers -Positive
Psychological capacities to best meet there four criteria
Positive Psychology - Answers -Concerned with optimal human functioning rather than
pathological human functioning
Aim is to use scientific methodology to discover and promote the factors that allow
individuals, groups, organizations, and communities to thrive.
,Three Levels of positive psychology - Answers --Valued subjective experiences
-Positive individual traits
-Civic virtue
Valued subjective experiences - Answers -Level of positive psychology which is related
to the past, present, and future
-Examples for past: well-being, contentment, and satisfaction
-Examples for present: flow and happiness
-Examples for future: hope and optimism
Positive individual traits - Answers -Level of positive psychology which has the capacity
for love and vocation, courage, forgiveness, high talent, and wisdom
Civic virtue - Answers -Level of positive psychology which moves individuals toward
better citizenship
-Examples: responsibility, altruism and work ethic
organizational life
organizational behavior - Answers -Positive psychology "positive" goals have obvious
implications not only for therapy, well-being, education, family life, social relation, but
also for ______ and ______.
H-R-W well-being
Health (physical and mental)
Relationships (social networks, friends/life partners)
Work Performance (from psychological Capital (PsyCap) - Answers -Positive
psychology has significant correlation (.3 average) between health, relationships, and
work. this is called what?
Happiness or Level of Positivity - Answers --About 50% determined by genetics (hard-
wired)
-About 10% determined by life circumstances (your chances of being happy and
becoming happier are pretty much the same)
-About 40% determined by intentional activity (positivity or HRW well-being)
Positivity is under one's own control (well-being)
Health (physical and mental)
Relationships (social networks, friends/life partners)
Work Performance (from psychological Capital (PsyCap) - Answers -Is to appreciate the
promise of the great impact that you can make on your own life through intentional
strategies that you can implement to remake yourself as a happier person
POB criterion of being state-like and open to development - Answers -criteria-meeting
POB positive psychological resources of efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilency can
, intentionally be used by one's self or by leading human resources to directly impact
work performance, relationships and health.
Self-Efficacy/Confidence
Confidence - application in business and sports
Self-Efficacy - application in academic discusions - Answers --Most theoretically
developed and researched POB construct
-An individual's conviction about his or her abilities to mobilize the motivation, cognitive
resources and courses of action needed to successfully execute a specific task within a
given context
Specific Efficacy
efficacy on a specific task and context - Answers -people's belief in successfully
completing a specific task;
state-like and open to training and development; thus meets criterion for POB
General Efficacy - Answers -people's belief in successfully accomplishing tasks across
a wide variety of achievement situations;
trait-like and stable over time and across situations (like a personality trait); fixed
Self-esteem
(stable and trait-like)
(aimed at any aspect of one's current self)
ex: salesperson has low self esteem bc he knows his career is based on selling
unneeded items to customers who can afford it - Answers -this is global construct of
one's evaluation and belief of worthiness, whereas self-efficacy is one's belief of task
and context specific capability
EX: Salesperson sells luxury cars to low-income customers
Self-efficacy
(perceptions of ability, skill, knowledge, experience with specific task) - Answers -is the
judgment of one's ability to successfully execute a certain behavior pattern; whereas
outcome expectancy is a judgment of consequences to such behavior
Individual's __________________evaluations come before behavior outcome
expectancies are considered
Locus of control attributions - Answers -focused on action-outcome contengencies;
whereas, self-efficacy focused on individual beliefs related to task performance
Optimism - Answers -Positive effect on physical and psychological health
