MSN 610 MODULE 4 (2024-2025) QUESTION AND
ANSWERS
Older adults may have decreased chest expansion r/t (4
things) - <<Answers>>>Respiratory muscle weakness
physical disability
sedentary lifestyle
calcification of rib articulations
Decreased chest expansion in older adults is often
compensated for by:
S/S (4 things) - <<Answers>>>Increased use of accessory
muscles
1) marked bony prominences
2) kyphosis with flattening of lumbar curve
3) increased anteroposterior diameter
4) hyper-resonance common
Emphysema is characterized by - <<Answers>>>Deep, rapid
breathing with pursed lips
,MSN 610 MODULE 4 (2024-2025) QUESTION AND
ANSWERS
finger clubbing
barrel chest
Abnormal breathing rate/rhythms
dyspnea
orthopnea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
platypnea
tachypnea
hyperpnea
Kussmaul - <<Answers>>>Dyspnea: Increased respiratory
effort
Orthopnea: difficulty breathing when supine
,MSN 610 MODULE 4 (2024-2025) QUESTION AND
ANSWERS
PND: sudden onset of dyspnea that abruptly awakens patient
Platypnea: SOB relieved by lying down
Tachypnea: faster than 20 bpm, shallow
Hyperpnea: faster than 20 bpm, deep
Kussmaul: fast, deep respiratory pattern
Abnormal peripheral findings indications
clubbed fingernails
pursed lips
flared alae nasi
malodorous breath - <<Answers>>>Clubbed nails: chronic
disease; emphysema, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis
pursed lips: increased expiratory effort
, MSN 610 MODULE 4 (2024-2025) QUESTION AND
ANSWERS
flared nostrils: air hunger
malodorous: pulmonary infection
Adventitous breath sounds
Crackles
Rhonchi
Wheeze
Pleural friction rub - <<Answers>>>Crackles: heard more
often during inspiration, can be fine, medium or coarse
fine: high- pitched, short duration
Medium: lower, moist sound during mid-inspiration, not
cleared by cough
Coarse: low-pitched, long duration
Rhonchi: "sonorous wheeze", loud, low, coarse sound, similar
to snore, heard continuously during inspiration and expiration,
may clear with cough, usually r/t mucus accumulating in
trachea or bronchi
ANSWERS
Older adults may have decreased chest expansion r/t (4
things) - <<Answers>>>Respiratory muscle weakness
physical disability
sedentary lifestyle
calcification of rib articulations
Decreased chest expansion in older adults is often
compensated for by:
S/S (4 things) - <<Answers>>>Increased use of accessory
muscles
1) marked bony prominences
2) kyphosis with flattening of lumbar curve
3) increased anteroposterior diameter
4) hyper-resonance common
Emphysema is characterized by - <<Answers>>>Deep, rapid
breathing with pursed lips
,MSN 610 MODULE 4 (2024-2025) QUESTION AND
ANSWERS
finger clubbing
barrel chest
Abnormal breathing rate/rhythms
dyspnea
orthopnea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
platypnea
tachypnea
hyperpnea
Kussmaul - <<Answers>>>Dyspnea: Increased respiratory
effort
Orthopnea: difficulty breathing when supine
,MSN 610 MODULE 4 (2024-2025) QUESTION AND
ANSWERS
PND: sudden onset of dyspnea that abruptly awakens patient
Platypnea: SOB relieved by lying down
Tachypnea: faster than 20 bpm, shallow
Hyperpnea: faster than 20 bpm, deep
Kussmaul: fast, deep respiratory pattern
Abnormal peripheral findings indications
clubbed fingernails
pursed lips
flared alae nasi
malodorous breath - <<Answers>>>Clubbed nails: chronic
disease; emphysema, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis
pursed lips: increased expiratory effort
, MSN 610 MODULE 4 (2024-2025) QUESTION AND
ANSWERS
flared nostrils: air hunger
malodorous: pulmonary infection
Adventitous breath sounds
Crackles
Rhonchi
Wheeze
Pleural friction rub - <<Answers>>>Crackles: heard more
often during inspiration, can be fine, medium or coarse
fine: high- pitched, short duration
Medium: lower, moist sound during mid-inspiration, not
cleared by cough
Coarse: low-pitched, long duration
Rhonchi: "sonorous wheeze", loud, low, coarse sound, similar
to snore, heard continuously during inspiration and expiration,
may clear with cough, usually r/t mucus accumulating in
trachea or bronchi
