TestvBankvForvBrockvBiologyvofvMicroorganismsv15thvEditionvByvMichaelvT.vMadigan
BrockvBiologyvofvMicroorganisms,v15ev(Madiganvetval.)vC
hapterv1v ThevMicrobialvWorld
1.1 MultiplevChoicevQuestions
1) WhichvofvthevfollowingvstatementsvisvFALSE?
A) Microbialvcellsvcanvexistvasvsinglevcells.
B) Microbialvcellsvcarryvoutvtheirvlifevprocessesvofvgrowthvindependently.
C) Microbialvcellsvincludevbothvbacteriavandvviruses.
D) Microbialvcellsvarevsurroundedvbyvavplasmavmembrane.
2) Whichvofvthevfollowingvstatementsvisvcorrect?
A) MicroorganismsvarevsignificantvcontributorsvtovthevtotalvbiomassvonvEarth.
B) MicroorganismsvrepresentvavmuchvsmallervamountvofvEarth’svbiomassvthanvplants.
C) MicroorganismsvrepresentvavmuchvsmallervamountvofvEarth’svbiomassvthanvanimals.
D) Microorganismsvarevsignificantvinvnumber,vbutvnotvinvoverallvbiomass.
3) Differentialvselectionvandvreproductionvofvphenotypesvoccursvduringvavprocessvcalled
A) cellularvdifferentiation.
B) evolution.
C) growth.
D) transformation.
4) Invwhat/whichvdomain(s)vofvlifevis/arevmicroorganismsvrepresented?
A) Archaea
B) Bacteria
C) Eukarya
D) Archaea,vBacteria,vandvEukarya
5) Biologicalvcatalystsvinvolvedvinvthevaccelerationvofvthevratevofvchemicalvreactionsvarevcalled
A) catalyticvconverters.
B) growthvagents.
C) evolutionaryvmolecules.
D) enzymes.
6) RegardingvearlyvlifevonvEarth
A) microbialvlifevexistedvforvbillionsvofvyearsvbeforevplantvandvanimalvlife.
B) microbialvlifevexistedvlongvbeforevanimalsvbutvhasvbeenvaroundvforvaboutvthevsamevamountvofvtimevasvplants.
C) microbialvlife,vplantvlife,vandvanimalvlifevallvappearedvatvaboutvthevsamevtime.
D) itvisvimpossiblevtovdeterminevwhichvtypevofvlifevfirstvappeared.
,7) Thevpersonvwhovdescribedvthev“weevanimalcules”vwas
A) RobertvHooke.
B) AntonivvanvLeeuwenhoek.
C) LouisvPasteur.
D) FerdinandvCohn.
ChaptervSection:v 1.5
8) WalthervHessevand pioneeredvthevusevofvagarvasvavsolidifyingvagent.
A) LouisvPasteur
B) FerdinandvCohn
C) RobertvKoch
D) SergeivWinogradsky
0
9) Whichvofvthevfollowingvis/arevcharacteristicvofvallvcellularvorganisms?
A) communication
B) evolution
C) motility
D) communication,vevolution,vandvmotility
10) DeducevwhyvvirusesvarevexcludedvfromvthevribosomalvRNA—basedvtreevofvlife.
A) SomevvirusesvcontainvmultiplevstrandsvofvRNA.
B) Theirvgeneticvelementsvcannotvbevsequenced.
C) Theyvcanvinfectvothervorganisms,vwhichvcomplicatesvthevgeneticvcomparisons.
D) TheyvlackvribosomalvRNAv(rRNA).
3
11) LouisvPasteurvdevelopedvthevvaccine(s)vfor
A) anthraxvonly.
B) fowlvcholeravonly.
C) rabiesvonly.
D) anthrax,vfowlvcholera,vandvrabies.
ChaptervSection:v 1.9
12) Thevdiscoveryvofvantibioticsvandvothervimportantvchemicalsvledvtovthevfieldvof
A) industrialvmicrobiology.
B) agriculturalvmicrobiology.
C) marinevmicrobiology.
D) aquaticvmicrobiology.
13) Microbialvsterilizationvisvusedvto
A) decreasevthevpossibilityvofvcontaminantsvgrowingvinvavculture.
B) killvbacteriavbutvnotvnecessarilyvvirusesvorvothervmicrobes.
C) killvallvmicrobesvinvorvonvobjects.
D) cleanvavworkvarea.
,ChaptervSection:v 1.9
14) Transparentvdouble-sidedvdishesvusedvforvgrowingvmicrobesvarevmostvcommonlyvcalled
A) Petrivdishes.
B) bakervdishes.
C) sterilizationvplates.
D) culturevmediumvplates.
0
15) Microbesvplayingvavrolevinvnitrogenvfixationvinvplantsvlivevin
,vwhilevthosevplayingvavrolevinvthevdigestivevtractvofvcertainvherbivoresvlivevin .
A) rumensv/vnodules
B) nodulesv/vrumens
C) nodulesv/vfortrans
D) fortransv/vrumens
16) WhichvofvthevfollowingvisvNOTvanvaccomplishmentvofvLouisvPasteur?
A) determinedvthatvthevalcohol-
makingvprocessvwasvmediatedvbyvmicrobialvfermentationvandvthusvrefutedvthevtheoryvofvspontaneousvgeneration
B) developedvenrichmentvculturevtechniques
C) developedvheatvsterilizationvtechniquesvthatvinvolvedvthevcreationvofvavspecializedvswan-neckedvflask
D) developedvthevfirstvrabiesvvaccinevandvtreatedvthousandsvofvindividuals
ChaptervSection:v 1.9
17) Thevtheoryvofvspontaneousvgenerationvwasvrefutedvbyvthevworkvof
A) LouisvPasteur.
B) RobertvKoch.
C) RobertvHooke.
D) AntonivvanvLeeuwenhoek.
ChaptervSection:v 1.9
18) AvPasteurvflaskvhasva(n)
A) swanvneckvtovpreventvparticulatevmattervfromvgettingvintovthevmainvbodyvofvthevflask.
B) doublevneckvsovtwovsubstancesvmayvbevaddedvatvthevsamevtime.
C) secondaryvopeningvatvthevbasevtovallowvforvdrainage.
D) invertedvuppervedgevtovpreventvspillagevwhilevswirling.
ChaptervSection:v 1.9
19) PredictvhowvPasteur’svconclusionsvonvspontaneousvgenerationvwithvswanvflasksvwouldvhavevchangedvifvhevworkedvwithvan
dvmaintainedvthevflasksvinvavsterilevlaminarvflowvhood.
A) Sterilizationvofvthevswanvflaskvsolutionsvwouldvnotvhavevbeenvnecessaryvtovrejectvspontaneousvgeneration.vIfvhevdidvsteriliz
evthevflasks,vthevspontaneousvgenerationvhypothesisvwouldvhavevbeenvsupported.
B) Hisvincubationvtimesvwouldvnotvhavevbeenvsufficientvtovrefutevspontaneousvgeneration.
C) Pasteur’svflasksvnevervwouldvhavevputrefied,vandvthevexperimentvwouldvnotvhavevrefutedvspontaneousvgeneration.
D) Virusesvwouldvhavevstillvbeenvpresent,vandvhisvconclusionvwouldvhavevbeenvunchanged.
, ChaptervSection:v 1.9
20) Avpurevculture
A) isvsterile.
B) isvavpopulationvofvidenticalvcells.
C) isvmadevofvavclearlyvdefinedvchemicalvmedium.
D) containsvonevmicrobialvcell.
ChaptervSection:v 1.9
21) MartinusvBeijerinckvwasvthevfirstvtovisolate
A) greenvalgae.
B) certainvnitrogen-fixingvrootvnodulevbacteria.
C) certainvsulfate-reducingvbacteria.
D) greenvalgae,vcertainvnitrogen-fixingvrootvnodulevbacteria,vandvcertainvsulfate-reducingvbacteria.
1
22) Chemolithotrophyvinvolves
A) oxidationvofvorganicvcompounds.
B) oxidationvofvinorganicvcompounds.
C) reductionvofvorganicvcompounds.
D) metabolicvautotrophy.
1
23) Developmentsvinvthevfieldsvofvimmunologyvandvmedicalvmicrobiologyvwerevpracticalvextensionsvofvthevworkvof
A) SergeivWinogradsky.
B) AntonivvanvLeeuwenhoek.
C) JosephvLister.
D) RobertvKoch.
0
24) Microbialvcontrolvinvwastewatersvwouldvmostvlogicallyvbevavpartvof
A) microbialvgenetics.
B) aquaticvmicrobiology.
C) medicalvmicrobiology.
D) bacterialvenergetics.
25) RobertvKochvcontributedvtovthevfieldvofvmicrobiologyvbyvbeingvthevfirstvpersonvto
A) developvthevtuberculinvtestvonly.
B) formulatevfourvpostulatesvforvdefinitivelyvlinkingvavspecificvmicroorganismvtovavspecificvdiseasevonly.
C) usevagarvasvavsolidifyingvagentvinvgrowthvmediavonly.
D) developvthevtuberculinvtest,vformulatevfourvpostulatesvforvdefinitivelyvlinkingvavspecifi
cvmicroorganismvtovavspecificvdisease,vandvusevagarvasvavsolidifyingvagentvinvgrowthvmedi
a.
ChaptervSection:v 1.9
26) Mycobacteriumvtuberculosisvisvveryvdifficultvtovstainvbecausevofvthe
A) presencevofvribosomesvinvthevcytoplasm.
B) locationvofvthevDNAvwithinvthevcell.
C) largevamountsvofvavwaxlikevlipidsvpresentvinvitsvcellvwall.
D) lackvofvavcellvwall.
BrockvBiologyvofvMicroorganisms,v15ev(Madiganvetval.)vC
hapterv1v ThevMicrobialvWorld
1.1 MultiplevChoicevQuestions
1) WhichvofvthevfollowingvstatementsvisvFALSE?
A) Microbialvcellsvcanvexistvasvsinglevcells.
B) Microbialvcellsvcarryvoutvtheirvlifevprocessesvofvgrowthvindependently.
C) Microbialvcellsvincludevbothvbacteriavandvviruses.
D) Microbialvcellsvarevsurroundedvbyvavplasmavmembrane.
2) Whichvofvthevfollowingvstatementsvisvcorrect?
A) MicroorganismsvarevsignificantvcontributorsvtovthevtotalvbiomassvonvEarth.
B) MicroorganismsvrepresentvavmuchvsmallervamountvofvEarth’svbiomassvthanvplants.
C) MicroorganismsvrepresentvavmuchvsmallervamountvofvEarth’svbiomassvthanvanimals.
D) Microorganismsvarevsignificantvinvnumber,vbutvnotvinvoverallvbiomass.
3) Differentialvselectionvandvreproductionvofvphenotypesvoccursvduringvavprocessvcalled
A) cellularvdifferentiation.
B) evolution.
C) growth.
D) transformation.
4) Invwhat/whichvdomain(s)vofvlifevis/arevmicroorganismsvrepresented?
A) Archaea
B) Bacteria
C) Eukarya
D) Archaea,vBacteria,vandvEukarya
5) Biologicalvcatalystsvinvolvedvinvthevaccelerationvofvthevratevofvchemicalvreactionsvarevcalled
A) catalyticvconverters.
B) growthvagents.
C) evolutionaryvmolecules.
D) enzymes.
6) RegardingvearlyvlifevonvEarth
A) microbialvlifevexistedvforvbillionsvofvyearsvbeforevplantvandvanimalvlife.
B) microbialvlifevexistedvlongvbeforevanimalsvbutvhasvbeenvaroundvforvaboutvthevsamevamountvofvtimevasvplants.
C) microbialvlife,vplantvlife,vandvanimalvlifevallvappearedvatvaboutvthevsamevtime.
D) itvisvimpossiblevtovdeterminevwhichvtypevofvlifevfirstvappeared.
,7) Thevpersonvwhovdescribedvthev“weevanimalcules”vwas
A) RobertvHooke.
B) AntonivvanvLeeuwenhoek.
C) LouisvPasteur.
D) FerdinandvCohn.
ChaptervSection:v 1.5
8) WalthervHessevand pioneeredvthevusevofvagarvasvavsolidifyingvagent.
A) LouisvPasteur
B) FerdinandvCohn
C) RobertvKoch
D) SergeivWinogradsky
0
9) Whichvofvthevfollowingvis/arevcharacteristicvofvallvcellularvorganisms?
A) communication
B) evolution
C) motility
D) communication,vevolution,vandvmotility
10) DeducevwhyvvirusesvarevexcludedvfromvthevribosomalvRNA—basedvtreevofvlife.
A) SomevvirusesvcontainvmultiplevstrandsvofvRNA.
B) Theirvgeneticvelementsvcannotvbevsequenced.
C) Theyvcanvinfectvothervorganisms,vwhichvcomplicatesvthevgeneticvcomparisons.
D) TheyvlackvribosomalvRNAv(rRNA).
3
11) LouisvPasteurvdevelopedvthevvaccine(s)vfor
A) anthraxvonly.
B) fowlvcholeravonly.
C) rabiesvonly.
D) anthrax,vfowlvcholera,vandvrabies.
ChaptervSection:v 1.9
12) Thevdiscoveryvofvantibioticsvandvothervimportantvchemicalsvledvtovthevfieldvof
A) industrialvmicrobiology.
B) agriculturalvmicrobiology.
C) marinevmicrobiology.
D) aquaticvmicrobiology.
13) Microbialvsterilizationvisvusedvto
A) decreasevthevpossibilityvofvcontaminantsvgrowingvinvavculture.
B) killvbacteriavbutvnotvnecessarilyvvirusesvorvothervmicrobes.
C) killvallvmicrobesvinvorvonvobjects.
D) cleanvavworkvarea.
,ChaptervSection:v 1.9
14) Transparentvdouble-sidedvdishesvusedvforvgrowingvmicrobesvarevmostvcommonlyvcalled
A) Petrivdishes.
B) bakervdishes.
C) sterilizationvplates.
D) culturevmediumvplates.
0
15) Microbesvplayingvavrolevinvnitrogenvfixationvinvplantsvlivevin
,vwhilevthosevplayingvavrolevinvthevdigestivevtractvofvcertainvherbivoresvlivevin .
A) rumensv/vnodules
B) nodulesv/vrumens
C) nodulesv/vfortrans
D) fortransv/vrumens
16) WhichvofvthevfollowingvisvNOTvanvaccomplishmentvofvLouisvPasteur?
A) determinedvthatvthevalcohol-
makingvprocessvwasvmediatedvbyvmicrobialvfermentationvandvthusvrefutedvthevtheoryvofvspontaneousvgeneration
B) developedvenrichmentvculturevtechniques
C) developedvheatvsterilizationvtechniquesvthatvinvolvedvthevcreationvofvavspecializedvswan-neckedvflask
D) developedvthevfirstvrabiesvvaccinevandvtreatedvthousandsvofvindividuals
ChaptervSection:v 1.9
17) Thevtheoryvofvspontaneousvgenerationvwasvrefutedvbyvthevworkvof
A) LouisvPasteur.
B) RobertvKoch.
C) RobertvHooke.
D) AntonivvanvLeeuwenhoek.
ChaptervSection:v 1.9
18) AvPasteurvflaskvhasva(n)
A) swanvneckvtovpreventvparticulatevmattervfromvgettingvintovthevmainvbodyvofvthevflask.
B) doublevneckvsovtwovsubstancesvmayvbevaddedvatvthevsamevtime.
C) secondaryvopeningvatvthevbasevtovallowvforvdrainage.
D) invertedvuppervedgevtovpreventvspillagevwhilevswirling.
ChaptervSection:v 1.9
19) PredictvhowvPasteur’svconclusionsvonvspontaneousvgenerationvwithvswanvflasksvwouldvhavevchangedvifvhevworkedvwithvan
dvmaintainedvthevflasksvinvavsterilevlaminarvflowvhood.
A) Sterilizationvofvthevswanvflaskvsolutionsvwouldvnotvhavevbeenvnecessaryvtovrejectvspontaneousvgeneration.vIfvhevdidvsteriliz
evthevflasks,vthevspontaneousvgenerationvhypothesisvwouldvhavevbeenvsupported.
B) Hisvincubationvtimesvwouldvnotvhavevbeenvsufficientvtovrefutevspontaneousvgeneration.
C) Pasteur’svflasksvnevervwouldvhavevputrefied,vandvthevexperimentvwouldvnotvhavevrefutedvspontaneousvgeneration.
D) Virusesvwouldvhavevstillvbeenvpresent,vandvhisvconclusionvwouldvhavevbeenvunchanged.
, ChaptervSection:v 1.9
20) Avpurevculture
A) isvsterile.
B) isvavpopulationvofvidenticalvcells.
C) isvmadevofvavclearlyvdefinedvchemicalvmedium.
D) containsvonevmicrobialvcell.
ChaptervSection:v 1.9
21) MartinusvBeijerinckvwasvthevfirstvtovisolate
A) greenvalgae.
B) certainvnitrogen-fixingvrootvnodulevbacteria.
C) certainvsulfate-reducingvbacteria.
D) greenvalgae,vcertainvnitrogen-fixingvrootvnodulevbacteria,vandvcertainvsulfate-reducingvbacteria.
1
22) Chemolithotrophyvinvolves
A) oxidationvofvorganicvcompounds.
B) oxidationvofvinorganicvcompounds.
C) reductionvofvorganicvcompounds.
D) metabolicvautotrophy.
1
23) Developmentsvinvthevfieldsvofvimmunologyvandvmedicalvmicrobiologyvwerevpracticalvextensionsvofvthevworkvof
A) SergeivWinogradsky.
B) AntonivvanvLeeuwenhoek.
C) JosephvLister.
D) RobertvKoch.
0
24) Microbialvcontrolvinvwastewatersvwouldvmostvlogicallyvbevavpartvof
A) microbialvgenetics.
B) aquaticvmicrobiology.
C) medicalvmicrobiology.
D) bacterialvenergetics.
25) RobertvKochvcontributedvtovthevfieldvofvmicrobiologyvbyvbeingvthevfirstvpersonvto
A) developvthevtuberculinvtestvonly.
B) formulatevfourvpostulatesvforvdefinitivelyvlinkingvavspecificvmicroorganismvtovavspecificvdiseasevonly.
C) usevagarvasvavsolidifyingvagentvinvgrowthvmediavonly.
D) developvthevtuberculinvtest,vformulatevfourvpostulatesvforvdefinitivelyvlinkingvavspecifi
cvmicroorganismvtovavspecificvdisease,vandvusevagarvasvavsolidifyingvagentvinvgrowthvmedi
a.
ChaptervSection:v 1.9
26) Mycobacteriumvtuberculosisvisvveryvdifficultvtovstainvbecausevofvthe
A) presencevofvribosomesvinvthevcytoplasm.
B) locationvofvthevDNAvwithinvthevcell.
C) largevamountsvofvavwaxlikevlipidsvpresentvinvitsvcellvwall.
D) lackvofvavcellvwall.
