HESI RN MED-SURG BURNS WITH SOLUTIONS
List 4 categories of burns - ✔✔thermal, radiation, chemical, electrical
burn depth is a measure of severity. describe the characteristics of superficial partial-thickness, deep
partial-thickness, and full-thickness burns - ✔✔superficial, first degree: pink/red skin, slight edema, pain;
deep, second degree: destruction of epidermis and upper layers of dermis; white or red, very
edematous, sensitive to tough and cold air, hair does not pull out easily. Full, third degree: total
destruction of dermis and epidermis; reddened areas do not blanch with pressure; not painful; inelastic;
waxy white skin to brown, leathery eschar.
Describe fluid mgnt in the emergent phase, acute phase, and rehab phase of burned client - ✔✔stage 1
(emergent) replace fluids titrated to urine output; stage 2 (acute) infusion site is maintained in case
supplemental IV fluids are needed; stage 3 (rehab) no extra fluids are needed, but high-protein drinks
are recommended.
Describe pain mgnt of burned client - ✔✔admin pain meds, especially before dressing wound. teach
distraction and relaxation techniques. teach use of guided imagery.
Outline admission care of the burned client. - ✔✔provide patent airway because intubation may be
necessary. determine baseline data. intate flui and electrolyte therapy. admin pain med. determine
depth and extent of burn. admin tetanus toxoid. insert NG tube
Nutritional status is major concern when caring for a burned client. list 3 specific dietary interventions
used with burned clients. - ✔✔High-calorie, high-protein, high-carb diet; meds with juice or milk; no free
water; tube feeding at hs. maintain accurate, daily calorie counts. weigh client daily.
Describe th method of extinguishing each of the following burns: thermal, chemical, and electrical -
✔✔thermal: remove clothing, immerse in tepid water; chemical: flush with water or saline.; electrical:
separate client from electrical source.
list 4 signs of an inhalation burn - ✔✔singed nasal hairs, circumoral burns; sooty or bloody sputum,
hoarseness, and pulmonary sighs, including asymmetry of respirations, rales, or wheezing
why is the burned client allowed no free water? - ✔✔water may interfere with electrolyte balance. client
needs to ingest food products with highest biologic value.
Describe an autograft - ✔✔use of clients own skin for grafting
List 4 categories of burns - ✔✔thermal, radiation, chemical, electrical
burn depth is a measure of severity. describe the characteristics of superficial partial-thickness, deep
partial-thickness, and full-thickness burns - ✔✔superficial, first degree: pink/red skin, slight edema, pain;
deep, second degree: destruction of epidermis and upper layers of dermis; white or red, very
edematous, sensitive to tough and cold air, hair does not pull out easily. Full, third degree: total
destruction of dermis and epidermis; reddened areas do not blanch with pressure; not painful; inelastic;
waxy white skin to brown, leathery eschar.
Describe fluid mgnt in the emergent phase, acute phase, and rehab phase of burned client - ✔✔stage 1
(emergent) replace fluids titrated to urine output; stage 2 (acute) infusion site is maintained in case
supplemental IV fluids are needed; stage 3 (rehab) no extra fluids are needed, but high-protein drinks
are recommended.
Describe pain mgnt of burned client - ✔✔admin pain meds, especially before dressing wound. teach
distraction and relaxation techniques. teach use of guided imagery.
Outline admission care of the burned client. - ✔✔provide patent airway because intubation may be
necessary. determine baseline data. intate flui and electrolyte therapy. admin pain med. determine
depth and extent of burn. admin tetanus toxoid. insert NG tube
Nutritional status is major concern when caring for a burned client. list 3 specific dietary interventions
used with burned clients. - ✔✔High-calorie, high-protein, high-carb diet; meds with juice or milk; no free
water; tube feeding at hs. maintain accurate, daily calorie counts. weigh client daily.
Describe th method of extinguishing each of the following burns: thermal, chemical, and electrical -
✔✔thermal: remove clothing, immerse in tepid water; chemical: flush with water or saline.; electrical:
separate client from electrical source.
list 4 signs of an inhalation burn - ✔✔singed nasal hairs, circumoral burns; sooty or bloody sputum,
hoarseness, and pulmonary sighs, including asymmetry of respirations, rales, or wheezing
why is the burned client allowed no free water? - ✔✔water may interfere with electrolyte balance. client
needs to ingest food products with highest biologic value.
Describe an autograft - ✔✔use of clients own skin for grafting
