Unit 1 MN 551 Patho, Unit2 MN551 patho,
Unit3Patho, Unit 4 Patho, Unit 5 Patho
MN551, Unit 6 Patho, Unit 7 MN 551
Patho, UNIT 8 MN 551 patho, Unit 9
Patho 551, MN 553 unit 1 100%Correct
As part of the intake protocol at an eating disorders clinic, an interview precedes a
physical examination. Which of the following questions would a clinician be justified in
excluding from an intake interview for a 16-year-old female referred by her pediatrician
for the treatment of anorexia nervosa? - ANSWER "Have you had any episodes of
shortness of breath in the recent past?"
A 43-year-old male patient has presented to the emergency department with vomiting
that he claims is of sudden onset. The patient also states that the emesis has often
contained frank blood in the hours prior to admission. Which of the following potential
contributing factors would the care team first suspect? - ANSWER Alcohol consumption
Cheryl has celiac disease. Which diet should you place her on? - ANSWER Gluten free
diet
The mother of a 19-week-old infant has brought her baby to a nurse practitioner for
assessment because of the baby's persistent weight loss and diarrhea. An intestinal
biopsy has confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease, and the child's mother is anxious to
know what caused the disease. Which of the following aspects of the etiology of celiac
disease would underlie the explanation that the nurse practitioner provides? - ANSWER
An inappropriate T-cell mediated response results in increased levels of antibodies and
an inflammatory response.
For several years, a 39-year-old female has been averaging two to three bottles of wine
each night after her children go to sleep, and has included several ounces of brandy in
recent years as well. Despite negative consequences to her career and the dissolution
of her marriage, her drinking continued and now has culminated in a diagnosis of
cirrhosis. Which of the following physical manifestations of the health problem would her
care team anticipate? - ANSWER Ascites
A 29-year-old female has been admitted to the emergency department following a
suicide attempt by overdose of acetaminophen. What changes in the patient's liver and
diagnostic results would the care team most likely anticipate? - ANSWER Centrilobular
necrosis evidenced by increased ALT and AST levels
,Which of the following patients is most clearly displaying the signs and symptoms of
IBD? - ANSWER A 51-year-old male who states that his stomach pain is in his lower
abdomen, "comes and goes," and "feels more like a cramp than a dull ache."
A 79-year-old male resident of a long-term care facility has contracted Clostridium
difficile and is experiencing consequent diarrhea. Auscultation of the man's abdomen
indicates hyperactive bowel sounds. What processes in the man's small intestine are
most likely accompanying his current status? - ANSWER Inflammation is accompanied
by an increase in peristaltic movements of his small intestine.
David has an acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease. Which of the following lab tests
would you expect to be decreased? - ANSWER Vitamins A, B complex and C levels
A male patient complaining of chronic cramping, bloating, and diarrhea has been
determined to have a deficiency in brush border enzymes within his small intestine.
Which of the following meals or snacks is most likely to exacerbate the patient's signs
and symptoms? - ANSWER Roast beef and a baked potato
A 20-year-old male who is addicted to crystal methamphetamine has been admitted to
the hospital with a diagnosis of protein-calorie malnutrition after many months of
inadequate food intake. Which of the following treatment plans would the care team
most likely favor? - ANSWER Incremental feeding combined with vitamin and mineral
supplementation
A 48-year-old woman has been diagnosed with extrahepatic cholestasis following a
thorough history, ultrasound, and blood work. Which of the following symptoms most
likely caused her to seek medical treatment, and what consequences of her health
problem would the medical team anticipate? - ANSWER Pruritus with consequences of
deficient levels of fat-soluble vitamins
A 24-year-old woman undergoing a premarital screening test is found to have elevated
levels of AST, ALT, and IgG, but no antibody-specific markers for viral hepatitis. A liver
biopsy reveals inflammation and cellular damage. Which of the following treatments is
most likely to be effective for her? - ANSWER Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant
drugs
A 71-year-old male has been recently diagnosed with a stage III tumor of colorectal
cancer and is attempting to increase his knowledge about his diagnosis. Which of the
following statements about colorectal cancer demonstrates a sound understanding of
the disease? - ANSWER "While diet is thought to play a role in the development of
colorectal cancer, the ultimate causes are largely unknown."
A female neonate has been in respiratory distress since delivery and is unresponsive to
oxygen therapy. Endoscopy has confirmed a diagnosis of esophageal atresia and
tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF). Which of the following explanations should the
care team provide to the infant's parents? - ANSWER "We will have to perform surgery
,to correct the hole in her throat to make sure that she is able to swallow and breathe
normally."
As a result of oral ingestion of the microorganisms, an individual has contracted H.
pylori. Which of the following health problems is the individual now at increased risk for?
- ANSWER Gastric adenocarcinoma
A 40-year-old female has been categorized as being obese, with a BMI of 33.2. Which
of the following health problems is the patient at a significantly increased risk for
compared with individuals with a BMI below 25? - ANSWER Osteoarthritis
A 51-year-old male professional is in the habit of consuming six to eight rum and cokes
each evening after work. He assures the nurse practitioner, who is performing his
regular physical exam, that his drinking is under control and does not have negative
implications for his work or family life. How could the nurse best respond to the patient's
statement? - ANSWER "When your body has to regularly break down that much
alcohol, your blood and the functional cells in your liver accumulate a lot of potentially
damaging toxic byproducts."
A 20-year-old male college student has recently finished a Thanksgiving dinner of
heroic proportions while home for the holiday weekend. Which of the following
phenomena would most likely have produced his sensation of satiety? - ANSWER
Cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-1 suppress the hunger impulse.
After several months of persistent heartburn, a 57-year-old female patient has been
diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which of the following
treatment regimens is likely to best address the woman's health problem? - ANSWER
Proton pump inhibitors, avoiding large meals, and remaining upright after meals
A 32-year-old man is complaining of burning, itching, photophobia, and severe pain in
his right eye after swimming in the ocean. To determine that the eye condition is corneal
rather than a conjunctival disease, which of the following would be the distinguishing
symptom? - ANSWER Severe pain
A woman with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has been ordered by her primary care
provider to have a hemoglobin A1C test for the first time. The woman states, "I don't see
why you want to test my blood cells when it's sugar that's the problem." What aspect of
physiology will underlie the care provider's response to the patient? - ANSWER The
amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood glucose levels over
the life of the cell.
A 29-year-old woman has been diagnosed with otosclerosis after several years of
progressive hearing loss. What pathophysiologic process has characterized her
diagnosis? - ANSWER New, sclerotic bone has been formed around her stapes and
oval window.
, A 30 year old man with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is aware of the multiple effects
that insulin has on his metabolism. Which of the following physiological processes are
actions of insulin? - ANSWER Facilitating triglycerides from glucose in fat cells
An endocrinologist is providing care for a 30-year-old male who has lived with the
effects of increased levels of GH. Which of the following teaching points about the
patient's future health risks is most accurate? - ANSWER "When your pituitary gland is
enlarged, there's a real risk that you'll develop some sight deficiencies.
A three-year-old girl has just been diagnosed with type 1A diabetes and her parents are
currently receiving education from the diabetes education nurse at the hospital where
their daughter is receiving treatment. How can the nurse best explain the etiology of
their daughter's health problem to her parents? - ANSWER "The problem that underlies
her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in her pancreas that produce
insulin."
Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the role of hormones in
the body? - ANSWER Some chemical substances can function as either hormones or
neurotransmitters.
A 60-year-old man has long managed his type 1 diabetes effectively with a combination
of vigilant blood sugar monitoring, subcutaneous insulin administration, and
conscientious eating habits. This morning, however, his wife has noted that he appears
pale and clammy and to be in a stupor, though he is responsive. She suspects that he
has made an error in his insulin administration and that he is experiencing a
hypoglycemic episode. Which of the following actions should be the wife's first choice? -
ANSWER Administration of 15 to 20 g of glucose in a concentrated carbohydrate
source
Large amounts of glucagon were recently released into an individual's circulation, but
glucagon circulation has now ceased. Which of the following situations could have led to
this inhibition of glucagon release? - ANSWER A decrease in cellular metabolic needs
and an increase in glucose levels
What does a high level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate? - ANSWER
Hypothyroidism
Which of the following statements best captures the role of the adrenal cortex in
maintaining homeostasis?
Question 1 options:
A. Normal sexual function is dependent on adequate adrenal cortical function.
B. Redundant, secondary production of adrenal cortical hormones can compensate for
the loss of the adrenal glands.
Unit3Patho, Unit 4 Patho, Unit 5 Patho
MN551, Unit 6 Patho, Unit 7 MN 551
Patho, UNIT 8 MN 551 patho, Unit 9
Patho 551, MN 553 unit 1 100%Correct
As part of the intake protocol at an eating disorders clinic, an interview precedes a
physical examination. Which of the following questions would a clinician be justified in
excluding from an intake interview for a 16-year-old female referred by her pediatrician
for the treatment of anorexia nervosa? - ANSWER "Have you had any episodes of
shortness of breath in the recent past?"
A 43-year-old male patient has presented to the emergency department with vomiting
that he claims is of sudden onset. The patient also states that the emesis has often
contained frank blood in the hours prior to admission. Which of the following potential
contributing factors would the care team first suspect? - ANSWER Alcohol consumption
Cheryl has celiac disease. Which diet should you place her on? - ANSWER Gluten free
diet
The mother of a 19-week-old infant has brought her baby to a nurse practitioner for
assessment because of the baby's persistent weight loss and diarrhea. An intestinal
biopsy has confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease, and the child's mother is anxious to
know what caused the disease. Which of the following aspects of the etiology of celiac
disease would underlie the explanation that the nurse practitioner provides? - ANSWER
An inappropriate T-cell mediated response results in increased levels of antibodies and
an inflammatory response.
For several years, a 39-year-old female has been averaging two to three bottles of wine
each night after her children go to sleep, and has included several ounces of brandy in
recent years as well. Despite negative consequences to her career and the dissolution
of her marriage, her drinking continued and now has culminated in a diagnosis of
cirrhosis. Which of the following physical manifestations of the health problem would her
care team anticipate? - ANSWER Ascites
A 29-year-old female has been admitted to the emergency department following a
suicide attempt by overdose of acetaminophen. What changes in the patient's liver and
diagnostic results would the care team most likely anticipate? - ANSWER Centrilobular
necrosis evidenced by increased ALT and AST levels
,Which of the following patients is most clearly displaying the signs and symptoms of
IBD? - ANSWER A 51-year-old male who states that his stomach pain is in his lower
abdomen, "comes and goes," and "feels more like a cramp than a dull ache."
A 79-year-old male resident of a long-term care facility has contracted Clostridium
difficile and is experiencing consequent diarrhea. Auscultation of the man's abdomen
indicates hyperactive bowel sounds. What processes in the man's small intestine are
most likely accompanying his current status? - ANSWER Inflammation is accompanied
by an increase in peristaltic movements of his small intestine.
David has an acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease. Which of the following lab tests
would you expect to be decreased? - ANSWER Vitamins A, B complex and C levels
A male patient complaining of chronic cramping, bloating, and diarrhea has been
determined to have a deficiency in brush border enzymes within his small intestine.
Which of the following meals or snacks is most likely to exacerbate the patient's signs
and symptoms? - ANSWER Roast beef and a baked potato
A 20-year-old male who is addicted to crystal methamphetamine has been admitted to
the hospital with a diagnosis of protein-calorie malnutrition after many months of
inadequate food intake. Which of the following treatment plans would the care team
most likely favor? - ANSWER Incremental feeding combined with vitamin and mineral
supplementation
A 48-year-old woman has been diagnosed with extrahepatic cholestasis following a
thorough history, ultrasound, and blood work. Which of the following symptoms most
likely caused her to seek medical treatment, and what consequences of her health
problem would the medical team anticipate? - ANSWER Pruritus with consequences of
deficient levels of fat-soluble vitamins
A 24-year-old woman undergoing a premarital screening test is found to have elevated
levels of AST, ALT, and IgG, but no antibody-specific markers for viral hepatitis. A liver
biopsy reveals inflammation and cellular damage. Which of the following treatments is
most likely to be effective for her? - ANSWER Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant
drugs
A 71-year-old male has been recently diagnosed with a stage III tumor of colorectal
cancer and is attempting to increase his knowledge about his diagnosis. Which of the
following statements about colorectal cancer demonstrates a sound understanding of
the disease? - ANSWER "While diet is thought to play a role in the development of
colorectal cancer, the ultimate causes are largely unknown."
A female neonate has been in respiratory distress since delivery and is unresponsive to
oxygen therapy. Endoscopy has confirmed a diagnosis of esophageal atresia and
tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF). Which of the following explanations should the
care team provide to the infant's parents? - ANSWER "We will have to perform surgery
,to correct the hole in her throat to make sure that she is able to swallow and breathe
normally."
As a result of oral ingestion of the microorganisms, an individual has contracted H.
pylori. Which of the following health problems is the individual now at increased risk for?
- ANSWER Gastric adenocarcinoma
A 40-year-old female has been categorized as being obese, with a BMI of 33.2. Which
of the following health problems is the patient at a significantly increased risk for
compared with individuals with a BMI below 25? - ANSWER Osteoarthritis
A 51-year-old male professional is in the habit of consuming six to eight rum and cokes
each evening after work. He assures the nurse practitioner, who is performing his
regular physical exam, that his drinking is under control and does not have negative
implications for his work or family life. How could the nurse best respond to the patient's
statement? - ANSWER "When your body has to regularly break down that much
alcohol, your blood and the functional cells in your liver accumulate a lot of potentially
damaging toxic byproducts."
A 20-year-old male college student has recently finished a Thanksgiving dinner of
heroic proportions while home for the holiday weekend. Which of the following
phenomena would most likely have produced his sensation of satiety? - ANSWER
Cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-1 suppress the hunger impulse.
After several months of persistent heartburn, a 57-year-old female patient has been
diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which of the following
treatment regimens is likely to best address the woman's health problem? - ANSWER
Proton pump inhibitors, avoiding large meals, and remaining upright after meals
A 32-year-old man is complaining of burning, itching, photophobia, and severe pain in
his right eye after swimming in the ocean. To determine that the eye condition is corneal
rather than a conjunctival disease, which of the following would be the distinguishing
symptom? - ANSWER Severe pain
A woman with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has been ordered by her primary care
provider to have a hemoglobin A1C test for the first time. The woman states, "I don't see
why you want to test my blood cells when it's sugar that's the problem." What aspect of
physiology will underlie the care provider's response to the patient? - ANSWER The
amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood glucose levels over
the life of the cell.
A 29-year-old woman has been diagnosed with otosclerosis after several years of
progressive hearing loss. What pathophysiologic process has characterized her
diagnosis? - ANSWER New, sclerotic bone has been formed around her stapes and
oval window.
, A 30 year old man with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is aware of the multiple effects
that insulin has on his metabolism. Which of the following physiological processes are
actions of insulin? - ANSWER Facilitating triglycerides from glucose in fat cells
An endocrinologist is providing care for a 30-year-old male who has lived with the
effects of increased levels of GH. Which of the following teaching points about the
patient's future health risks is most accurate? - ANSWER "When your pituitary gland is
enlarged, there's a real risk that you'll develop some sight deficiencies.
A three-year-old girl has just been diagnosed with type 1A diabetes and her parents are
currently receiving education from the diabetes education nurse at the hospital where
their daughter is receiving treatment. How can the nurse best explain the etiology of
their daughter's health problem to her parents? - ANSWER "The problem that underlies
her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in her pancreas that produce
insulin."
Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the role of hormones in
the body? - ANSWER Some chemical substances can function as either hormones or
neurotransmitters.
A 60-year-old man has long managed his type 1 diabetes effectively with a combination
of vigilant blood sugar monitoring, subcutaneous insulin administration, and
conscientious eating habits. This morning, however, his wife has noted that he appears
pale and clammy and to be in a stupor, though he is responsive. She suspects that he
has made an error in his insulin administration and that he is experiencing a
hypoglycemic episode. Which of the following actions should be the wife's first choice? -
ANSWER Administration of 15 to 20 g of glucose in a concentrated carbohydrate
source
Large amounts of glucagon were recently released into an individual's circulation, but
glucagon circulation has now ceased. Which of the following situations could have led to
this inhibition of glucagon release? - ANSWER A decrease in cellular metabolic needs
and an increase in glucose levels
What does a high level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate? - ANSWER
Hypothyroidism
Which of the following statements best captures the role of the adrenal cortex in
maintaining homeostasis?
Question 1 options:
A. Normal sexual function is dependent on adequate adrenal cortical function.
B. Redundant, secondary production of adrenal cortical hormones can compensate for
the loss of the adrenal glands.
