Psychology 101 UNBC - Midterm 2 Test
With Solution
illusory correlation - ANSWER perception of a relationship where none exists,
or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists
Neuron - ANSWER a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous
system
Synapse - ANSWER the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron
and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
Dendrite - ANSWER the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive
messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
Nodes of Ranvier - ANSWER Gaps in the myelin sheath to which
voltage-gated sodium channels are confined.
axon - ANSWER the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal
fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or
glands
myelin sheath - ANSWER A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the
fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural
impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next.
axon terminal - ANSWER The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters
are stored
action potential - ANSWER a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that
travels down an axon
,Neurotransmitters - ANSWER chemical messengers that cross the synaptic
gaps between neurons
postsynaptic potential - ANSWER changes in the membrane potential of the
postsynaptic terminal of a chemical synapse
excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) - ANSWER causes post-synaptic
neuron to fire more easily
inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) - ANSWER causes a post-synaptic
neuron to fire less easily
psychopharmacology - ANSWER the study of how drugs affect behavior
psychoactive drugs - ANSWER drugs that interact with neurotransmitter
systems to affect mood, arousal, thinking, or behaviour in some way
cerebral cortex - ANSWER outermost part of forebrain, responsible for
analyzing sensory processing, programming motor movements, and higher
brain functions
Cerebellum - ANSWER A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine
motor skills.
corpus callosum - ANSWER the large band of neural fibers connecting the
two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
Frontal lobe - ANSWER contains the motor cortex and the prefrontal cortex;
responsible for motor function, language, memory, abstract thinking,
decision making, and executive functions (e.g., inhibiting socially
inappropriate behaviour)
Broca's Area (Left frontal lobe) - ANSWER specialized for speech and
, language production
parietal lobe - ANSWER specialized for touch and perception, such as
integrating visual input, and monitoring the body's position in space
somatosensory cortex - ANSWER registers information from the skin senses,
muscles, and joints
Aphasias - ANSWER Language disorders, which are associated with left
hemisphere of brain
Agnosias - ANSWER An inability to recognize objects, words, or faces,
associated with damage to right hemisphere of the brain
temporal lobe - ANSWER involved in hearing, understanding language, and
autobiographical memory
Wernicke's area - ANSWER (in left hemisphere) specialized for speech and
language comprehension
occipital lobe - ANSWER responsible for visual processing; in conjunction
with the parietal lobe, is involved in hand-eye (and other types of)
coordination
association cortex - ANSWER regions of the cerebral cortex that integrate
simpler functions to perform more complex functions; ex integrates different
sensory modalities into perceptions and conscious experience
somatic nervous system - ANSWER part of the peripheral nervous system
carrying messages from the CNS through the body to control movement;
consists of sensory and motor neurons
Neurophysiology - ANSWER study of brain damage
With Solution
illusory correlation - ANSWER perception of a relationship where none exists,
or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists
Neuron - ANSWER a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous
system
Synapse - ANSWER the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron
and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
Dendrite - ANSWER the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive
messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
Nodes of Ranvier - ANSWER Gaps in the myelin sheath to which
voltage-gated sodium channels are confined.
axon - ANSWER the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal
fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or
glands
myelin sheath - ANSWER A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the
fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural
impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next.
axon terminal - ANSWER The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters
are stored
action potential - ANSWER a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that
travels down an axon
,Neurotransmitters - ANSWER chemical messengers that cross the synaptic
gaps between neurons
postsynaptic potential - ANSWER changes in the membrane potential of the
postsynaptic terminal of a chemical synapse
excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) - ANSWER causes post-synaptic
neuron to fire more easily
inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) - ANSWER causes a post-synaptic
neuron to fire less easily
psychopharmacology - ANSWER the study of how drugs affect behavior
psychoactive drugs - ANSWER drugs that interact with neurotransmitter
systems to affect mood, arousal, thinking, or behaviour in some way
cerebral cortex - ANSWER outermost part of forebrain, responsible for
analyzing sensory processing, programming motor movements, and higher
brain functions
Cerebellum - ANSWER A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine
motor skills.
corpus callosum - ANSWER the large band of neural fibers connecting the
two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
Frontal lobe - ANSWER contains the motor cortex and the prefrontal cortex;
responsible for motor function, language, memory, abstract thinking,
decision making, and executive functions (e.g., inhibiting socially
inappropriate behaviour)
Broca's Area (Left frontal lobe) - ANSWER specialized for speech and
, language production
parietal lobe - ANSWER specialized for touch and perception, such as
integrating visual input, and monitoring the body's position in space
somatosensory cortex - ANSWER registers information from the skin senses,
muscles, and joints
Aphasias - ANSWER Language disorders, which are associated with left
hemisphere of brain
Agnosias - ANSWER An inability to recognize objects, words, or faces,
associated with damage to right hemisphere of the brain
temporal lobe - ANSWER involved in hearing, understanding language, and
autobiographical memory
Wernicke's area - ANSWER (in left hemisphere) specialized for speech and
language comprehension
occipital lobe - ANSWER responsible for visual processing; in conjunction
with the parietal lobe, is involved in hand-eye (and other types of)
coordination
association cortex - ANSWER regions of the cerebral cortex that integrate
simpler functions to perform more complex functions; ex integrates different
sensory modalities into perceptions and conscious experience
somatic nervous system - ANSWER part of the peripheral nervous system
carrying messages from the CNS through the body to control movement;
consists of sensory and motor neurons
Neurophysiology - ANSWER study of brain damage
