Nur 210: Pharm Exam 1 Study Guide
study of chemicals that alter the function of a living organism - ANSWER:pharmacology
any chemical that is capable of interacting with a living organism to produce a biological effect -
ANSWER:drug
phase 1 of drug testing - ANSWER:- healthy volunteers
- eval. of drug metabolism
- effects on humans (biological effects)
phase II of drug testing - ANSWER:- target specific diseases
- determine therapeutic effects
- several hundred subjects
phase III of drug testing - ANSWER:- dosage ranges
- patient safety
- several hundred to several thousand subjects
phase IV of drug testing - ANSWER:- conditional approval from FDA
- usage for general population
- new side effects
- voluntary reporting by health professionals
general name - ANSWER:acetaminophen
trade name - ANSWER:Tylenol
schedule I drugs - ANSWER:all non-research is forbidden
schedule II drugs - ANSWER:no telephone prescriptions, no refills
schedule III drugs - ANSWER:prescription must be written after 6 months
schedule IV drugs - ANSWER:differs in penalties for illegal possession
schedule V drugs - ANSWER:limited dependence
goal of drug therapy - ANSWER:provide max. benefit w/ minimal harm across the lifespan
rights of drug administration - ANSWER:1. right drug
2. right patient
3. right dose
, 4. right route
5. right time
6. right documentation
enteral route - ANSWER:within GI tract-- oral
parenteral route - ANSWER:outside of GI tract-- IM, subcut, IV, ID
topical route - ANSWER:sublingual, dermal, rectal, vaginal, inhalation
how much and how fast the drug leaves the site of administration and into the circulatory system -
ANSWER:absorption
oral medications - ANSWER:- 70 to 80% of all meds
- dissolved in stomach w/ s. intestine absorption
- effects on absorption: strenuous exercise, immobility, food, other meds
foods inhibiting drug metabolism - ANSWER:grapefruit juice, milk, calcium, antacids
foods increasing toxicity of a drug - ANSWER:aged beer, wine & cheese
topical absorption - ANSWER:sublingual / buccal, rectal, dermal, vaginal, inhalation
Parenteral absorption - ANSWER:IM, subcut, ID, IV
% of drug in system circulation - ANSWER:bioavailability
first bypass effect - ANSWER:orally- goes to liver first
biotransformation - ANSWER:converts fat-soluble drugs to water soluble molecules
what is the primary site of drug metabolism? - ANSWER:the liver
accelerated drug excretion - ANSWER:ACTIVE DRUG > metabolism > INACTIVE DRUG
drug inactivation - ANSWER:ACTIVE DRUG > metabolism > LESS ACTIVE
activation of prodrugs - ANSWER:INACTIVE DRUG > metabolism > ACTIVE DRUG
removal of drug from the body - ANSWER:drug excretion
time needed for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50% - ANSWER:half life
calculate when a drug will be out of the body: - ANSWER:half life x 4
TI index - ANSWER:LD (lethal dose of 50% of animals) / ED (effective dose of 50% of humans)
agonist - ANSWER:helper
antagonist - ANSWER:blocker
mild allergic reaction - ANSWER:rash, pruritus, rhinitis
study of chemicals that alter the function of a living organism - ANSWER:pharmacology
any chemical that is capable of interacting with a living organism to produce a biological effect -
ANSWER:drug
phase 1 of drug testing - ANSWER:- healthy volunteers
- eval. of drug metabolism
- effects on humans (biological effects)
phase II of drug testing - ANSWER:- target specific diseases
- determine therapeutic effects
- several hundred subjects
phase III of drug testing - ANSWER:- dosage ranges
- patient safety
- several hundred to several thousand subjects
phase IV of drug testing - ANSWER:- conditional approval from FDA
- usage for general population
- new side effects
- voluntary reporting by health professionals
general name - ANSWER:acetaminophen
trade name - ANSWER:Tylenol
schedule I drugs - ANSWER:all non-research is forbidden
schedule II drugs - ANSWER:no telephone prescriptions, no refills
schedule III drugs - ANSWER:prescription must be written after 6 months
schedule IV drugs - ANSWER:differs in penalties for illegal possession
schedule V drugs - ANSWER:limited dependence
goal of drug therapy - ANSWER:provide max. benefit w/ minimal harm across the lifespan
rights of drug administration - ANSWER:1. right drug
2. right patient
3. right dose
, 4. right route
5. right time
6. right documentation
enteral route - ANSWER:within GI tract-- oral
parenteral route - ANSWER:outside of GI tract-- IM, subcut, IV, ID
topical route - ANSWER:sublingual, dermal, rectal, vaginal, inhalation
how much and how fast the drug leaves the site of administration and into the circulatory system -
ANSWER:absorption
oral medications - ANSWER:- 70 to 80% of all meds
- dissolved in stomach w/ s. intestine absorption
- effects on absorption: strenuous exercise, immobility, food, other meds
foods inhibiting drug metabolism - ANSWER:grapefruit juice, milk, calcium, antacids
foods increasing toxicity of a drug - ANSWER:aged beer, wine & cheese
topical absorption - ANSWER:sublingual / buccal, rectal, dermal, vaginal, inhalation
Parenteral absorption - ANSWER:IM, subcut, ID, IV
% of drug in system circulation - ANSWER:bioavailability
first bypass effect - ANSWER:orally- goes to liver first
biotransformation - ANSWER:converts fat-soluble drugs to water soluble molecules
what is the primary site of drug metabolism? - ANSWER:the liver
accelerated drug excretion - ANSWER:ACTIVE DRUG > metabolism > INACTIVE DRUG
drug inactivation - ANSWER:ACTIVE DRUG > metabolism > LESS ACTIVE
activation of prodrugs - ANSWER:INACTIVE DRUG > metabolism > ACTIVE DRUG
removal of drug from the body - ANSWER:drug excretion
time needed for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50% - ANSWER:half life
calculate when a drug will be out of the body: - ANSWER:half life x 4
TI index - ANSWER:LD (lethal dose of 50% of animals) / ED (effective dose of 50% of humans)
agonist - ANSWER:helper
antagonist - ANSWER:blocker
mild allergic reaction - ANSWER:rash, pruritus, rhinitis
