BIOS 251 Week 1 – 7 Anatomy Lab Terms List with Practice Pictures

BIOS 251 Anatomy Lab Term List BIOS 251 Week 1 – 7 Anatomy Lab Terms List with Practice Pictures WEEK 1 – Anatomical Language; Organ Systems and Body Cavities Anatomical Language Objectives: 1. Describe the anatomical position 2. Use anatomical directions appropriately 3. Identify and use various body planes and sections 4. Identify location of each abdominopelvic region and quadrant and be able to identify the major organ(s) deep to each one. Terms and structures to know and identify on models and dissection: Surface Anatomy: Be able to identify and describe each location 1. Anterior body landmarks and their definitions: abdominal, acromial Antebrachial Antecubital Axillary Brachial Buccal Carpal Cervical Coxal Crural Digital Femoral fibular (peroneal) frontal hallux inguinal mammary mental nasal oral orbital palmar patellar pedal pelvic pollex pubic sternal tarsal thoracic umbilical 2. Posterior body landmarks: Acromia Brachial Calcaneal Cephalic Dorsum Femoral Gluteal Lumbar Manus Occipital Olecranal Otic Perineal Plantar Popliteal Sacral Scapular Sural Vertebral Body Direction and Orientation 1. Demonstrate the anatomical position. 2. Define the following terms. Use this terminology to describe the placement of a body structure along the body’s axis, or its relative closeness to the body’s surface, or its relationship between different structures when the body is in the a. Anatomical position. b. Superior/inferior c. Anterior/posterior d. Medial/lateral e. Cephalad (cranial)/caudal f. Proximal/distal Body Planes and Sections 1. Sagittal plane a. Midsagittal (median) b. Parasagittal 2. Frontal (coronal) plane g. Superior (external)/deep (internal) h. Dorsal/ventral i. Ipsilateral (same side)/contralateral (opposite side) 3. Transverse (horizontal) plane a. Cross sections 4. Oblique (diagonal) pla Organ Systems and Body Cavities Objectives: 1. Name the organ systems 2. Name and identify major organs of each system 3. Describe the location of each body cavity and the organs they contain 4. Describe the structure, location, and function of the serous membranes Organ Systems Know the basic function of each organ system and identify the major organs of each organ system on a model or diagram (see Table 2.1) Organ system Organs to ID Function Cardiovascular Heart Transports nutrients, gases and wastes in blood Respiratory Lungs Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air Digestive Stomach Pancreas Intestines Absorbs water; breaks down ingested food for absorption and eliminates remaining waste Urinary Kidney Eliminates nitrogenous waste; maintains body fluid volume, pH, and electrolyte concentrations Integumentary Skin Protective barrier, vitamin D synthesis, and provides sensations of the external world Lymphatic and Immune None Returns fluid to cardiovascular system and protects the body against disease Skeletal Know 1 bone Protects major body cavities; provides levers and support for movement Muscular Know 1 skeletal muscle Nothing specific - know all skeletal muscles are part of this system Nervous Brain Spinal cord Moves bones and maintains posture Endocrine 1 endocrine gland Controls cell function with electrical signals; rapid control of homeostasis (seconds) Reproductive Testes Ovaries Produces gametes; in females maintains appropriate environment for development Body Cavities 1. Identify the body cavities, their subdivisions, and the organs found within each body cavity a. Dorsal body cavity i. Cranial ii. Vertebral (spinal) b. Ventral body cavity i. Thoracic 1. Mediastinum a. Pericardial 2. Pleural ii. Abdominopelvic 1. Abdominal 2. Pelvic 3. Peritoneal 2. Abdominopelvic Regions (see textbook figure 1.13) a. Right hypochondriac b. Epigastric c. Left hypochondriac d. Right lumbar e. Umbilical 3. Abdominopelvic Quadrants (see textbook figure 1.13) a. Right upper quadrant b. Right lower quadrant f. Left lumbar g. Right inguinal h. Hypogastric i. Left inguina c. Left upper quadrant d. Left lower quadrant 4. Name the subdivisions of the serous membrane (serosa) associated with the ventral body cavity and outer surfaces of organs a. Pleura: parietal & visceral layers b. Pericardium: parietal & visceral layers c. Peritoneum: parietal & visceral layers