68W ALC Phase 3 Test 2 LPC 100%
Accurate
/Sx Moderate/Severe TBI - ANSWER LOC, Personality change, Severe persistent
Headache, Repeating N&V, SZ, Inability to awaken, Dilation of both pupils, Slurred
speech, Weakness or numbness in extremities, Loss of coordination, Increased
confusion,
What does MACE stand for? - ANSWER Military Acute Concussion Evaluation
How often should Neuro testing be performed? - ANSWER Semiannually or as mission
dictates to ID TBIs
What are the five domains of MACE? - ANSWER Orientation, Immediate Memory,
Neurological Screening, Concentration, Delayed Recall
What are the mandated events that require MACE - ANSWER 1) Involved in vehicle
associated blast event, collision, rollover
2) Within 50 meters of blast
3) Anyone who sustains a direct blow to head
4) Command directed, such as but not limited to repeated exposures
What is a Red Flag - ANSWER Ominous sign of a worsening condition.
Level 2 Evacuation Decision Red Flags - ANSWER 1) Any positive answer to MACE
items V-VIII
2) Double vision
3) Worsening Headache
4) Cant recognize people; Disorientation to place
5) LOC >5 min
6) Weakness/numbness in arms/legs
Level 3 Evacuation Decision Red Flags - ANSWER 1) Progressively declining levels of
consciousness
2) Pupil asymmetry
3) SZ
4) Repeated Vomitting
High Altitude Illness - ANSWER Cerebral and Pulmonary Syndromes that can develop
in UN-acclimatized persons shorty after ascent to high altitude
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) - ANSWER acute accumulation of fluid in the
alveoli due to rapid ascent in altitude
, High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) - ANSWER acute swelling of brain due to rapid
ascent in altitude
What are the ways to acclimatize a soldier? - ANSWER Staged and Graded
When would you likely see Lhermitte's sign - ANSWER Following a whiplash syndrome
injury
When visualizing back what should you look for for injuries? - ANSWER edema,
erythema, ecchymosis, battle sign, neuro changes, step offs
Primary spinal cord injury - ANSWER Results from cord being cut, torn, or crushed or
by its blood supply being cut off
Secondary Spinal Cord injury - ANSWER Caused by secondary effects from injury.
Occurs from hypotension, generalized hypoxia, injury to blood vessels, edema,
compression of cord from surrounding hemorrhage
What are some causes of sciatica? - ANSWER Caused by injury to or compression of
sciatic nerve. Usually due to intervertebral disk herniation causing compression of nerve
roots
Special Test for Sciatica - ANSWER Straight Leg Raise
How much PT can usually manage Sciatica - ANSWER 3-4 weeks with medication for
px
Common exam findings with Sciatica - ANSWER Abnormal Posturing
< ROM
< Muscle strength
What is the difference between muscle spasm and cramp? - ANSWER Force of the
contraction. If it is quick contraction and release of muscle without px it is spasm. Cramp
is prolonged with px
Special Test for Muscle Strain - ANSWER MRI
Special Test for muscle spasm - ANSWER Blood test
Why do you use a blood test for muscle spasms? - ANSWER Check Na and other
electrolytes for causing factors
Number one cause of TBI in combat - ANSWER Blast injuries
What are the three types of TBIs - ANSWER Mild, Moderate, Severe
Accurate
/Sx Moderate/Severe TBI - ANSWER LOC, Personality change, Severe persistent
Headache, Repeating N&V, SZ, Inability to awaken, Dilation of both pupils, Slurred
speech, Weakness or numbness in extremities, Loss of coordination, Increased
confusion,
What does MACE stand for? - ANSWER Military Acute Concussion Evaluation
How often should Neuro testing be performed? - ANSWER Semiannually or as mission
dictates to ID TBIs
What are the five domains of MACE? - ANSWER Orientation, Immediate Memory,
Neurological Screening, Concentration, Delayed Recall
What are the mandated events that require MACE - ANSWER 1) Involved in vehicle
associated blast event, collision, rollover
2) Within 50 meters of blast
3) Anyone who sustains a direct blow to head
4) Command directed, such as but not limited to repeated exposures
What is a Red Flag - ANSWER Ominous sign of a worsening condition.
Level 2 Evacuation Decision Red Flags - ANSWER 1) Any positive answer to MACE
items V-VIII
2) Double vision
3) Worsening Headache
4) Cant recognize people; Disorientation to place
5) LOC >5 min
6) Weakness/numbness in arms/legs
Level 3 Evacuation Decision Red Flags - ANSWER 1) Progressively declining levels of
consciousness
2) Pupil asymmetry
3) SZ
4) Repeated Vomitting
High Altitude Illness - ANSWER Cerebral and Pulmonary Syndromes that can develop
in UN-acclimatized persons shorty after ascent to high altitude
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) - ANSWER acute accumulation of fluid in the
alveoli due to rapid ascent in altitude
, High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) - ANSWER acute swelling of brain due to rapid
ascent in altitude
What are the ways to acclimatize a soldier? - ANSWER Staged and Graded
When would you likely see Lhermitte's sign - ANSWER Following a whiplash syndrome
injury
When visualizing back what should you look for for injuries? - ANSWER edema,
erythema, ecchymosis, battle sign, neuro changes, step offs
Primary spinal cord injury - ANSWER Results from cord being cut, torn, or crushed or
by its blood supply being cut off
Secondary Spinal Cord injury - ANSWER Caused by secondary effects from injury.
Occurs from hypotension, generalized hypoxia, injury to blood vessels, edema,
compression of cord from surrounding hemorrhage
What are some causes of sciatica? - ANSWER Caused by injury to or compression of
sciatic nerve. Usually due to intervertebral disk herniation causing compression of nerve
roots
Special Test for Sciatica - ANSWER Straight Leg Raise
How much PT can usually manage Sciatica - ANSWER 3-4 weeks with medication for
px
Common exam findings with Sciatica - ANSWER Abnormal Posturing
< ROM
< Muscle strength
What is the difference between muscle spasm and cramp? - ANSWER Force of the
contraction. If it is quick contraction and release of muscle without px it is spasm. Cramp
is prolonged with px
Special Test for Muscle Strain - ANSWER MRI
Special Test for muscle spasm - ANSWER Blood test
Why do you use a blood test for muscle spasms? - ANSWER Check Na and other
electrolytes for causing factors
Number one cause of TBI in combat - ANSWER Blast injuries
What are the three types of TBIs - ANSWER Mild, Moderate, Severe
