BIOL 2730 LECTURE EXAM REVIEW A+ GRADED

BIOL 2730 LECTURE EXAM REVIEW A+ GRADED Paul Ehrlich 1910 Salvarsan - ANS-1. Arsenic compound against Syphilis 2. Kill Syphilis without hurting host Domagk 1932 - ANS-1. First sulfa drug- Sulfanilamide 2. Works against streptococci 3. Drug found in red dye called prontosil Chemotherapeutic agent - ANS-Any chemical used to treat disease Antimicrobial drug - ANS-Treats microbial infections Antibacterial drug - ANS-Treats bacterial infections Antibiotic - ANS-Antimicrobial drugs naturally produced by microorganisms Penicillin: Fleming 1931 - ANS-1. Antibiotic produced by penicillium mold inhibited bacterial growth around its color 2. Couldn't purify Chain & Florey: 1941 - ANS-Purified penicillin and treated patients Penicillin G - ANS-Kills gram positive bacteria Ampicillin - ANS-a. Altered Penicillin G b. Also kills gram negative bacteria Methicillin - ANS-Altered penicillin to work on penicillin-resistant bacteria that break down penicillin with their enzymes Features of Antimicrobial drugs - ANS-A. Naturally produced antibiotic can be chemically altered after purification to give new characteristics & better stability 1. Some semi-synthetic 2. Some completely synthesized Selective toxicity - ANS-Toxic to microbe but not human host May be toxic in too high a dose Therapeutic index - ANS-Lowest toxic dose to patient divided by typical therapeutic dose Higher therapeutic index - ANS-Less toxic for patient Low therapeutic index - ANS-Monitor blood levels Antibiotics to maintain lower than toxic level in patient Systemically toxic antibiotics used for - ANS-"Topical", skin use Bacteriostatic - ANS-Inhibit or slow down growth to allow host defenses time to work and kill organism Bacteriocidal - ANS-