Test Bank Complete_ Karp’s Cell and Molecular Biology
9th Edition, Gerald Karp (Author), Janet Iwasa
(Author), Wallace Marshall (Author) All Chapters 1-18
microscope - ANSWERan instrument that provides a magnified image of a tiny object
Robert Hooke - ANSWERcredited with the discovery of cells by looking at cork;
coined the word cells
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - ANSWERbuilt simple microscopes and discovered
various bacteria in pond water
Cell Theory - ANSWER1.Organisms are composed of 1+ cells
2.Cell is the structure of life
3.Cells can arise only by division from a preexisting cell
Theodor Schwann - ANSWERdetermined plant and animal cells have similar structure
and proposed first 2 components of cell theory
Rudolf Virchow - ANSWERmade the discovery of the 3rd component of cell theory
in vitro - ANSWERin culture, outside the body
Basic Properties of Cells - ANSWER1.Highly complex and organized
2.Capable of reproduction
3. Acquire and utilize energy
4.Carry out variety of Chemical Reactions
5.Engage in mechanical activities
6.Respond to stimuli
7.Capable of self regulation
8.Has and uses genetic program
9. Evolve
metabolism - ANSWERsum total of the chemical reactions in a cell
Enzymes - ANSWERmolecules that greatly increase the rate of a reaction
microvilli - ANSWERlong processes that facilitate absorption of nutrients
actin - ANSWERprotein monomers polymerized in characteristic arrays that make up
filaments that create the cytoskeleton
receptors - ANSWERcover cells and interact with substances in the environment in
highly specific ways
LUCA - ANSWER"Last Universal Common Ancestor"
, the organism thought to be were all organisms descended from
Organelles - ANSWERinternal structures of a cell
What are the 2 different types of cells? - ANSWERProkaryotic
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic cell - ANSWERstructurally simple; includes bacteria
Eukaryotic cell - ANSWERstructurally complex; includes protists, fungi, plants, and
animals cells
nucleoid - ANSWERirregular shaped region in prokarotic cells that contains most or
all of the genetic material for the cell
nucleus - ANSWERregion bound by a membrane(nuclear envelope) in eukariotic cells
that contains the genetic material for the cell
chromatin - ANSWERcomplex nucleoprotein material found in chromosomal DNA of
eukaryotes
Cytosol - ANSWERSoluble phase of cytoplasm
nitrogen fixation - ANSWERconversion of nitrogen gas into reduced forms of
nitrogen
cell differentiation - ANSWERprocess by which a less specialized cell becomes a more
specialized cell type
micrometer - ANSWER10^-6 meters
Nanometer - ANSWER10^-9 meters
angstrom - ANSWERone-tenth of a nanometer
diffusion - ANSWERnet passive movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules)
from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower
concentration
synthetic biology - ANSWERthe ultimate goal is to create some minimal type of living
cell in the laboratory out of the same types of component parts found in real cell
virus - ANSWERinter-cellular parasites that can not reproduce without a host cell;
only known as virus when its infected a cell
virion - ANSWERa virus that is not infecting a cell
9th Edition, Gerald Karp (Author), Janet Iwasa
(Author), Wallace Marshall (Author) All Chapters 1-18
microscope - ANSWERan instrument that provides a magnified image of a tiny object
Robert Hooke - ANSWERcredited with the discovery of cells by looking at cork;
coined the word cells
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - ANSWERbuilt simple microscopes and discovered
various bacteria in pond water
Cell Theory - ANSWER1.Organisms are composed of 1+ cells
2.Cell is the structure of life
3.Cells can arise only by division from a preexisting cell
Theodor Schwann - ANSWERdetermined plant and animal cells have similar structure
and proposed first 2 components of cell theory
Rudolf Virchow - ANSWERmade the discovery of the 3rd component of cell theory
in vitro - ANSWERin culture, outside the body
Basic Properties of Cells - ANSWER1.Highly complex and organized
2.Capable of reproduction
3. Acquire and utilize energy
4.Carry out variety of Chemical Reactions
5.Engage in mechanical activities
6.Respond to stimuli
7.Capable of self regulation
8.Has and uses genetic program
9. Evolve
metabolism - ANSWERsum total of the chemical reactions in a cell
Enzymes - ANSWERmolecules that greatly increase the rate of a reaction
microvilli - ANSWERlong processes that facilitate absorption of nutrients
actin - ANSWERprotein monomers polymerized in characteristic arrays that make up
filaments that create the cytoskeleton
receptors - ANSWERcover cells and interact with substances in the environment in
highly specific ways
LUCA - ANSWER"Last Universal Common Ancestor"
, the organism thought to be were all organisms descended from
Organelles - ANSWERinternal structures of a cell
What are the 2 different types of cells? - ANSWERProkaryotic
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic cell - ANSWERstructurally simple; includes bacteria
Eukaryotic cell - ANSWERstructurally complex; includes protists, fungi, plants, and
animals cells
nucleoid - ANSWERirregular shaped region in prokarotic cells that contains most or
all of the genetic material for the cell
nucleus - ANSWERregion bound by a membrane(nuclear envelope) in eukariotic cells
that contains the genetic material for the cell
chromatin - ANSWERcomplex nucleoprotein material found in chromosomal DNA of
eukaryotes
Cytosol - ANSWERSoluble phase of cytoplasm
nitrogen fixation - ANSWERconversion of nitrogen gas into reduced forms of
nitrogen
cell differentiation - ANSWERprocess by which a less specialized cell becomes a more
specialized cell type
micrometer - ANSWER10^-6 meters
Nanometer - ANSWER10^-9 meters
angstrom - ANSWERone-tenth of a nanometer
diffusion - ANSWERnet passive movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules)
from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower
concentration
synthetic biology - ANSWERthe ultimate goal is to create some minimal type of living
cell in the laboratory out of the same types of component parts found in real cell
virus - ANSWERinter-cellular parasites that can not reproduce without a host cell;
only known as virus when its infected a cell
virion - ANSWERa virus that is not infecting a cell
