NURS 661 Exam 4:NURS 661 Test 4 Study Guide
examples of anticholinergics - ANSWER:oxybutynin
tolterodine
fesoterodine
darifenacin
salifenacin
trospium
Manifestations of UTI in older adults - ANSWER:Confusion/falls
Incontinence
Loss of appetite
Nocturia and dysuria
Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fever (urosepsis)
Patient education for UTIs - ANSWER:Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) turns your urine orange/red, Can stain
clothes - wear sanitary pads
Fluoroquinolones or sulfonamides increase risk of sun-sensitivity/sunburn
Report elevated temperature, flank pain, NV
Increase fluid intake
S/S of UTIs
Wipe front to back
Urinate before and after sex
Use unsweetened cranberry for prevention
Kidney stone prevention - ANSWER:Encourage hydration
,Urine output of 2L/day
Monitor urine color
Low sodium diet
Increase dietary intake of citrate
Avoid foods high in calcium oxalate
Foods high in calcium oxalate - to be avoided to prevent kidney stones - ANSWER:rhubard
chocolate
tea
coffee
nuts
green leafy vegetables
Manifestions of pyelonephritis - ANSWER:CVA tenderness
Fever, chills, NV
Back or flank pain
Manifestations of UTI
First clinical sign of PKD - ANSWER:Hypertension
Manifestations of PKD - ANSWER:Hypertension
Hematuria
Cloudy urine
,Nocturia
Headache
Abdominal, flank, and lower back pain
Symptoms of UTI, urinary frequency, and kidney stones
Constipation
Enlarged kidneys and CVA tenderness
Increased abdominal girth
Commonly used medications for CKD - ANSWER:Kayexalate (for hyperkalemia)
Antihypertensives (to promote vasodilation and perfusion)
Phosphate binders
Calcium supplementation
Stool softenders
Folic acid and iron
Synthetic erythropoietin
, Why must you take phosphate binders with meals? - ANSWER:They bind to phosphate in the GI system
during digestions, allowing it to be excreted in the stool - most phosphorus is absorbed 1 hour after
eating
Where are clots commonly formed for patients with A-fib? - ANSWER:Left atrium, especially susceptible
to forming clots that then travel to the brain and cause embolic stroke
S/S of digoxin (a cardiac glycoside) toxicity? - ANSWER:Vision changes (blurred vision)
NV
Irregular heartbeat/palpitations
Important to monitor in loop diuretics - ANSWER:Potassium (3.5 - 5) - patients may be hypoK
Blood pressure
Don't let them get dehydrated with too much
Do you elevate legs with arterial disease? - ANSWER:No, hang the legs to promote blood flow
Elevation worsens symptoms
Kidneys perform these functions: - ANSWER:Urine formation
Regulation of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance
Hormonal functions (ADH, aldosterone, RAAS)
Regulation of BP
Secretion of erythropoietin for RBC production
Activation of vitamin D
Aged-related renal changes - ANSWER:Urinary incontinence is NOT normal part of aging
examples of anticholinergics - ANSWER:oxybutynin
tolterodine
fesoterodine
darifenacin
salifenacin
trospium
Manifestations of UTI in older adults - ANSWER:Confusion/falls
Incontinence
Loss of appetite
Nocturia and dysuria
Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fever (urosepsis)
Patient education for UTIs - ANSWER:Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) turns your urine orange/red, Can stain
clothes - wear sanitary pads
Fluoroquinolones or sulfonamides increase risk of sun-sensitivity/sunburn
Report elevated temperature, flank pain, NV
Increase fluid intake
S/S of UTIs
Wipe front to back
Urinate before and after sex
Use unsweetened cranberry for prevention
Kidney stone prevention - ANSWER:Encourage hydration
,Urine output of 2L/day
Monitor urine color
Low sodium diet
Increase dietary intake of citrate
Avoid foods high in calcium oxalate
Foods high in calcium oxalate - to be avoided to prevent kidney stones - ANSWER:rhubard
chocolate
tea
coffee
nuts
green leafy vegetables
Manifestions of pyelonephritis - ANSWER:CVA tenderness
Fever, chills, NV
Back or flank pain
Manifestations of UTI
First clinical sign of PKD - ANSWER:Hypertension
Manifestations of PKD - ANSWER:Hypertension
Hematuria
Cloudy urine
,Nocturia
Headache
Abdominal, flank, and lower back pain
Symptoms of UTI, urinary frequency, and kidney stones
Constipation
Enlarged kidneys and CVA tenderness
Increased abdominal girth
Commonly used medications for CKD - ANSWER:Kayexalate (for hyperkalemia)
Antihypertensives (to promote vasodilation and perfusion)
Phosphate binders
Calcium supplementation
Stool softenders
Folic acid and iron
Synthetic erythropoietin
, Why must you take phosphate binders with meals? - ANSWER:They bind to phosphate in the GI system
during digestions, allowing it to be excreted in the stool - most phosphorus is absorbed 1 hour after
eating
Where are clots commonly formed for patients with A-fib? - ANSWER:Left atrium, especially susceptible
to forming clots that then travel to the brain and cause embolic stroke
S/S of digoxin (a cardiac glycoside) toxicity? - ANSWER:Vision changes (blurred vision)
NV
Irregular heartbeat/palpitations
Important to monitor in loop diuretics - ANSWER:Potassium (3.5 - 5) - patients may be hypoK
Blood pressure
Don't let them get dehydrated with too much
Do you elevate legs with arterial disease? - ANSWER:No, hang the legs to promote blood flow
Elevation worsens symptoms
Kidneys perform these functions: - ANSWER:Urine formation
Regulation of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance
Hormonal functions (ADH, aldosterone, RAAS)
Regulation of BP
Secretion of erythropoietin for RBC production
Activation of vitamin D
Aged-related renal changes - ANSWER:Urinary incontinence is NOT normal part of aging
