Disease Transmission and Infection Prevention Chapter 19 with Complete Solutions

Disease Transmission and Infection Prevention Chapter 19 with Complete Solutions What is the primary mode of transmission for tuberculosis (TB)? TB is transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. How does the Hepatitis B virus primarily spread? Hepatitis B spreads through contact with infected blood, semen, or other bodily fluids, commonly through unprotected sex or sharing needles. What are the main precautions for preventing the spread of airborne diseases? Wearing masks, ensuring proper ventilation, and isolating infected individuals are crucial for preventing airborne disease transmission. What is the role of hand hygiene in infection control? Hand hygiene prevents the spread of pathogens by removing dirt, bacteria, and viruses from the hands, reducing cross-contamination. 2 What are the key steps in cleaning and disinfecting surfaces in healthcare settings? Thorough cleaning with soap and water followed by disinfection with an appropriate chemical agent is essential to reduce pathogen transmission. How is the influenza virus transmitted? Influenza spreads primarily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. What are the symptoms of MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infection? Symptoms of MRSA include red, swollen, painful bumps or boils, often with pus or drainage, fever, and warmth around the infected area. What precautions should be taken to prevent the transmission of Clostridium difficile (C. diff) in healthcare settings? Use of contact precautions, proper hand hygiene with soap and water, and thorough cleaning of surfaces with bleach-based disinfectants are necessary to prevent C. diff spread. What are the common routes of transmission for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)? 3 RSV spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes and through direct contact with contaminated surfaces. How is the Zika virus transmitted? Zika virus is primarily transmitted by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes but can also be transmitted sexually and from mother to child during pregnancy. What is the most effective method of preventing the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? Consistent and correct use of condoms during sexual activity is the most effective method to prevent the spread of STIs. What are the infection control measures for preventing the spread of norovirus? Strict hand hygiene, disinfection of surfaces, and isolation of affected individuals help control the spread of norovirus. What is the incubation period for chickenpox? The incubation period for chickenpox is typically 10 to 21 days after exposure to the virus. 4 What is the role of personal protective equipment (PPE) in infection prevention? PPE, including gloves, masks, gowns, and eye protection, serves as a barrier to prevent the transmission of infectious agents.