Introduction to Philosophy Final Exam (StraighterLine): Questions &
Answers
Aristotle's primary area of interest was - ANSWER:metaphysics.
Which of the following is not one of the ten basic categories Aristotle used to describe the ways in which
humans think about things? - ANSWER:weight
How many souls did Aristotle believe humans have? - ANSWER:three
Aristotle's works include all of the following except: - ANSWER:Nicomachean Ethics
What is a thing, according to Aristotle? - ANSWER:A specific form in a particular hunk of matter.
What does Aristotle mean by the efficient cause of a thing? - ANSWER:Where it came from.
If you want to say what a thing is, which of Aristotle's four causes must you provide? - ANSWER:The
formal cause.
What did Aristotle say about all change? - ANSWER:It is a movement from potentiality to actuality.
Which of the following is an example of what Aristotle called a universal? - ANSWER:The property of
being red.
What is a syllogism? - ANSWER:A kind of inference.
What is not true of Hinduism? - ANSWER:It has no scriptures or holy writings.
What is the central doctrine of the Upanishads? - ANSWER:The identity of Brahman and Atman.
What is the main cause of human suffering, according to Siddhartha Gautama? - ANSWER:Ignorance and
selfish craving.
Which is not a characteristic of the Tao, for Taoists? - ANSWER:Man can improve it.
According to Confucius, this principle governs both the well-ordered family and the well-ordered state. -
ANSWER:The principle of the Mean.
Which would Mencius say true happiness consists in? - ANSWER:Seeing parents and family alive and well
and free from anxiety.
What must one do to discover ultimate reality and truth, according to Hui Neng, sixth patriarch of Ch'an
Buddhism? - ANSWER:Give up false attachments and selfish interests.
What Mahayana Buddhist view did Murasi Shikibu object to? - ANSWER:Women must wait for
reincarnation as a male before they can achieve enlightenment.
Which did Dogen Zenji advocate? - ANSWER:The Parental Mind.
What do samurai warriors believe in? - ANSWER:All of the above.
, Why is diversity a challenge for modern feminism? - ANSWER:Race, class, and gender are tied together in
ways that make working-class and minority women disadvantaged in different ways from middle-class
white women.
Why are feminist epistemologists suspicous of the concept of the ideal knower as dispassionate,
objective, and purely rational? - ANSWER:This makes the ideal knower rather like the ideal male.
According to Val Plumwood, how does the rationalistic framework view the human self? - ANSWER:As
autonomous, separate, and egoistic.
According to Mary Wollstonecraft, which of the following virtues should be cultivated in women as well
as men? - ANSWER:wisdom
How do feminists like Andrea Dworkin and Ctharine MacKinnon define pornography? - ANSWER:Media
that both equates sex and violence against women, and endorses it.
What tends to be true of words associated with women, their occupations, and their bodies in a male-
dominated society? - ANSWER:They get devalued and take on demeaning, derogatory, and insulting
senses.
What is true of woman, according to Simone de Beauvoir? - ANSWER:Woman is not born but made by
society's definition of her as man's Other.
What do supporters of the "Androgynous Ideal" believe about the differences we observe between men
and women? - ANSWER:They are socially constructed.
According to Nancy Chodorow, why do boys often become isolated, separate, and misogynist? -
ANSWER:Society requires that boys break personal identification with the mother in order to positionally
identify with male gender roles imposed by society.
Which position does Susan Moller Okin advocate? - ANSWER:The modern, middle-class family is an
unjust institution for women.
What did Anselm believe about proving God's existence? - ANSWER:You could do it using just the
concept of God as the greatest being conceivable.
St. Thomas Aquinas's first three ways are all versions of which sort of argument? - ANSWER:Cosmological
How did mystical experience compare with reason as a source of knowledge about God, according to
Julian of Norwich? - ANSWER:It is as valid a source of knowledge as reason is.
Given his epistemological standards, what characteristic must all of Descartes arguments for God
possess? - ANSWER:They must yield conclusions that are absolutely certain.
According to Leibniz, what is the sufficient reason for the changing of the seasons? - ANSWER:God.
Given his epistemological standards, what characteristic would Hume insist that any argument for God
possess? - ANSWER:It must be based on sensory experience.
Why didn't Immanuel Kant think that existence is a property or characteristic of a thing? - ANSWER:A
characteristic always adds something to the concept of a thing, but existence does not do this.
Answers
Aristotle's primary area of interest was - ANSWER:metaphysics.
Which of the following is not one of the ten basic categories Aristotle used to describe the ways in which
humans think about things? - ANSWER:weight
How many souls did Aristotle believe humans have? - ANSWER:three
Aristotle's works include all of the following except: - ANSWER:Nicomachean Ethics
What is a thing, according to Aristotle? - ANSWER:A specific form in a particular hunk of matter.
What does Aristotle mean by the efficient cause of a thing? - ANSWER:Where it came from.
If you want to say what a thing is, which of Aristotle's four causes must you provide? - ANSWER:The
formal cause.
What did Aristotle say about all change? - ANSWER:It is a movement from potentiality to actuality.
Which of the following is an example of what Aristotle called a universal? - ANSWER:The property of
being red.
What is a syllogism? - ANSWER:A kind of inference.
What is not true of Hinduism? - ANSWER:It has no scriptures or holy writings.
What is the central doctrine of the Upanishads? - ANSWER:The identity of Brahman and Atman.
What is the main cause of human suffering, according to Siddhartha Gautama? - ANSWER:Ignorance and
selfish craving.
Which is not a characteristic of the Tao, for Taoists? - ANSWER:Man can improve it.
According to Confucius, this principle governs both the well-ordered family and the well-ordered state. -
ANSWER:The principle of the Mean.
Which would Mencius say true happiness consists in? - ANSWER:Seeing parents and family alive and well
and free from anxiety.
What must one do to discover ultimate reality and truth, according to Hui Neng, sixth patriarch of Ch'an
Buddhism? - ANSWER:Give up false attachments and selfish interests.
What Mahayana Buddhist view did Murasi Shikibu object to? - ANSWER:Women must wait for
reincarnation as a male before they can achieve enlightenment.
Which did Dogen Zenji advocate? - ANSWER:The Parental Mind.
What do samurai warriors believe in? - ANSWER:All of the above.
, Why is diversity a challenge for modern feminism? - ANSWER:Race, class, and gender are tied together in
ways that make working-class and minority women disadvantaged in different ways from middle-class
white women.
Why are feminist epistemologists suspicous of the concept of the ideal knower as dispassionate,
objective, and purely rational? - ANSWER:This makes the ideal knower rather like the ideal male.
According to Val Plumwood, how does the rationalistic framework view the human self? - ANSWER:As
autonomous, separate, and egoistic.
According to Mary Wollstonecraft, which of the following virtues should be cultivated in women as well
as men? - ANSWER:wisdom
How do feminists like Andrea Dworkin and Ctharine MacKinnon define pornography? - ANSWER:Media
that both equates sex and violence against women, and endorses it.
What tends to be true of words associated with women, their occupations, and their bodies in a male-
dominated society? - ANSWER:They get devalued and take on demeaning, derogatory, and insulting
senses.
What is true of woman, according to Simone de Beauvoir? - ANSWER:Woman is not born but made by
society's definition of her as man's Other.
What do supporters of the "Androgynous Ideal" believe about the differences we observe between men
and women? - ANSWER:They are socially constructed.
According to Nancy Chodorow, why do boys often become isolated, separate, and misogynist? -
ANSWER:Society requires that boys break personal identification with the mother in order to positionally
identify with male gender roles imposed by society.
Which position does Susan Moller Okin advocate? - ANSWER:The modern, middle-class family is an
unjust institution for women.
What did Anselm believe about proving God's existence? - ANSWER:You could do it using just the
concept of God as the greatest being conceivable.
St. Thomas Aquinas's first three ways are all versions of which sort of argument? - ANSWER:Cosmological
How did mystical experience compare with reason as a source of knowledge about God, according to
Julian of Norwich? - ANSWER:It is as valid a source of knowledge as reason is.
Given his epistemological standards, what characteristic must all of Descartes arguments for God
possess? - ANSWER:They must yield conclusions that are absolutely certain.
According to Leibniz, what is the sufficient reason for the changing of the seasons? - ANSWER:God.
Given his epistemological standards, what characteristic would Hume insist that any argument for God
possess? - ANSWER:It must be based on sensory experience.
Why didn't Immanuel Kant think that existence is a property or characteristic of a thing? - ANSWER:A
characteristic always adds something to the concept of a thing, but existence does not do this.
