Final Exam) NR 565 Final Exam: 100% Verified Questions &
Answers
What is significant about the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)? - ANSWER:It is where the least blood
flow occurs, rhe most damage occurs in the PCT when ischemia happens
What enzyme is obtained from the kidney? - ANSWER:Erythropoieten
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is made where? What does it do? - ANSWER:It is made in the
lungs; to activate angiotensin 1 in the kidneys.
What is most important for the filtration process? - ANSWER:Blood hydrostatic pressure
What are the functions of the kidney? - ANSWER:Sodium/water removal, waste removal, hormone
production
What is acute renal failure? - ANSWER:sudden loss of kidney function due to an illness, Injury, drug, Or
toxin that stresses the kidneys. ARF can be reversible
What is chronic Renal failure? - ANSWER:A long slow process where the kidney looses its ability to
function, it occurs in different stages
What is end stage renal disease? - ANSWER:Irreversible loss of kidney function
What are the types of ARF? - ANSWER:Prerenal, intravenal, post renal
What is the most common cause of ARF? - ANSWER:Pre renal
What happens when pre Renal is not treated? - ANSWER:It can turn into intrinsic/ intrarenal and damage
inside
What is pre-renal failure? - ANSWER:When the damage is before the kidneys due to decreased blood
flow from volume depletion or hypoperfusion
Give examples of volume depletion and hypoperfusion - ANSWER:Too many diuretics, vomiting and
diarrhea, hemorrhage;
Decreased cardiac output due to hf and artheroschlerosis
Explain pathophysiology of pre renal failure - ANSWER:Decreased blood flow means decreased GFR,
decreased GFR means decreased renal blood flow, then decreased GFR activates RAAS. Angiotensin
secretes aldosterone which increases BP volume
If creatinine is elevated.... - ANSWER:GFR is decreased
What is intra Renal failure? - ANSWER:Its the damage that has occurred inside the kidney due to:
->Glomerulonephritis
->Rhabdomylosis
, ->Contrast dye
->Drugs/meds
->HTN (uncontrolled HTN)
->DM
TUMOR LYSIS SYNDROME
What is the most common intra Renal failure? - ANSWER:Tubular
What is post-renal failure? - ANSWER:Obstruction located after the kidneys, most often a consequence
from urinary obstruction
examples of post renal failure? - ANSWER:BPH,
Kidney stones
Bladder stones
Obstructed catheter
Tumors/ cancer ( bladder, ureters, prostate)
What is used to diagnose polynephritis? And complicated polynephritis? - ANSWER:Urine culture,
urinalysis, signs and symptoms;
Urinary tract imaging and blood cultures (if patient is not doing well)
What can indicate polynephritis. In a urinalysis? - ANSWER:WBC casts indicate polynephritis but not
always present in the UA
Renal calculi is what kind of acute Renal failure? - ANSWER:Post Renal failure
What are the goals of treatment for Renal calculi? - ANSWER:Pain management
Promote passage of the stone
Reduce the size of the stone
Prevent new stone formation
When is dialysis considered? - ANSWER:Stage 5 of CKD
CKD is associated with which conditions? - ANSWER:DM,
HTN,
SLE,
Intrinsic/ intra Renal kidney disease
CKD stages are based on what? - ANSWER:GFR and albuminuria
Signs of GERD in people over the age of 50: - ANSWER:Dysphagia
Answers
What is significant about the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)? - ANSWER:It is where the least blood
flow occurs, rhe most damage occurs in the PCT when ischemia happens
What enzyme is obtained from the kidney? - ANSWER:Erythropoieten
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is made where? What does it do? - ANSWER:It is made in the
lungs; to activate angiotensin 1 in the kidneys.
What is most important for the filtration process? - ANSWER:Blood hydrostatic pressure
What are the functions of the kidney? - ANSWER:Sodium/water removal, waste removal, hormone
production
What is acute renal failure? - ANSWER:sudden loss of kidney function due to an illness, Injury, drug, Or
toxin that stresses the kidneys. ARF can be reversible
What is chronic Renal failure? - ANSWER:A long slow process where the kidney looses its ability to
function, it occurs in different stages
What is end stage renal disease? - ANSWER:Irreversible loss of kidney function
What are the types of ARF? - ANSWER:Prerenal, intravenal, post renal
What is the most common cause of ARF? - ANSWER:Pre renal
What happens when pre Renal is not treated? - ANSWER:It can turn into intrinsic/ intrarenal and damage
inside
What is pre-renal failure? - ANSWER:When the damage is before the kidneys due to decreased blood
flow from volume depletion or hypoperfusion
Give examples of volume depletion and hypoperfusion - ANSWER:Too many diuretics, vomiting and
diarrhea, hemorrhage;
Decreased cardiac output due to hf and artheroschlerosis
Explain pathophysiology of pre renal failure - ANSWER:Decreased blood flow means decreased GFR,
decreased GFR means decreased renal blood flow, then decreased GFR activates RAAS. Angiotensin
secretes aldosterone which increases BP volume
If creatinine is elevated.... - ANSWER:GFR is decreased
What is intra Renal failure? - ANSWER:Its the damage that has occurred inside the kidney due to:
->Glomerulonephritis
->Rhabdomylosis
, ->Contrast dye
->Drugs/meds
->HTN (uncontrolled HTN)
->DM
TUMOR LYSIS SYNDROME
What is the most common intra Renal failure? - ANSWER:Tubular
What is post-renal failure? - ANSWER:Obstruction located after the kidneys, most often a consequence
from urinary obstruction
examples of post renal failure? - ANSWER:BPH,
Kidney stones
Bladder stones
Obstructed catheter
Tumors/ cancer ( bladder, ureters, prostate)
What is used to diagnose polynephritis? And complicated polynephritis? - ANSWER:Urine culture,
urinalysis, signs and symptoms;
Urinary tract imaging and blood cultures (if patient is not doing well)
What can indicate polynephritis. In a urinalysis? - ANSWER:WBC casts indicate polynephritis but not
always present in the UA
Renal calculi is what kind of acute Renal failure? - ANSWER:Post Renal failure
What are the goals of treatment for Renal calculi? - ANSWER:Pain management
Promote passage of the stone
Reduce the size of the stone
Prevent new stone formation
When is dialysis considered? - ANSWER:Stage 5 of CKD
CKD is associated with which conditions? - ANSWER:DM,
HTN,
SLE,
Intrinsic/ intra Renal kidney disease
CKD stages are based on what? - ANSWER:GFR and albuminuria
Signs of GERD in people over the age of 50: - ANSWER:Dysphagia
