Exam 1 ) NSG 527 Exam 1: Questions & Answers
Which medication causes constipation? - ANSWER:iron supplements
The nurse measures a client's residual urine by catheterization after the client voids. Which condition
would this test verify? - ANSWER:urinary retention
When assisting a client from the bed into a wheelchair, the nurse assesses the client for signs of dizziness
upon standing. For what adverse condition is the nurse assessing the client? - ANSWER:orthrostatic
hypotension
The loss of urine without any identifiable pattern or warning is called... - ANSWER:urinary incontinence
_________ is a condition in which an inadequate amount of oxygen is available to cells. This results in
difficulty breathing, increased respiratory and pulse rates, and pale skin with regions of cyanosis. -
ANSWER:hypoxia
If there is decreased cardiac output, respiration rate will... - ANSWER:increase
What does pulse oximetry test? - ANSWER:the amount of oxygen saturation in the blood
The nurse schedules a pulmonary function test to measure the amount of air left in a client's lungs at
maximal expiration. What test does the nurse order? - ANSWER:Residual Volume
the total amount of air inhaled and exhaled with one breath is referred to as.... - ANSWER:Tidal volume
the amount of air contained within the lungs at maximum inspiration is referred to as... - ANSWER:Total
lung capacity
________ is used to increase the turbulence of exhaled air and loosen secretions from the lungs -
ANSWER:vibration
can be done before or after percussion
Define evisceration. - ANSWER:Evisceration occurs when contents of the body come out through a
wound/surgical incision site.
Define dehiscence. - ANSWER:Dehiscence occurs when a surgical incision site starts to "open at the
seams," usually occurs due to obesity.
While using the braden scale, the __________ the number, the higher the risk. - ANSWER:lower
think: the lower you're funtioning, the higher the risk
What are the 3 fundamental characteristics of wound assessment? - ANSWER:Age
Depth
,Color
What two age populations are at an increased risk for illness and injury? - ANSWER:Elderly and newborn
babies
Which of the following categories of health promotion is aimed at preventing illness?
A. primary
B. secondary
C. tertiary
D. restorative - ANSWER:A: primary.
Primary prevention aims to prevent a disease/complications as a whole. This would include a healthy
diet, exercise, and vaccinations/immunizations.
A nurse is working at a health fair that is offering blood screenings for diabetes and high cholesterol.
What level of health promotion is she helping to achieve? - ANSWER:Secondary prevention. This level of
prevention aims for early detection of a disease that already exists. So you would already have the
diabetes and not know it yet; a blood test would detect this early.
The chain of infection has 5 variables. The infectious agent (the virus/bacteria), the resovoir (phones,
bathrooms, door handles, water, plants and animals), the portal of exit (mouth, eyes, sneezing etc),
mode of transmission (touch, kissing, sexually transmitted), and portal of exit (same as someone else's
portal of exit). As a nurse, you should think of yourself as what variable of this process? - ANSWER:The
mode of transmission. That's why we practice things such as clean technique and surgical asepsis: we
can very well be a mode of transmission from one patient to another.
Mode of transmission is also things like kissing, sexually, touching etc
There are two types of bacteria: aerobic and anaerobic. Which is harder to kill and why? -
ANSWER:Anaerobic. Since they don't need oxygen, these bacteria usually lie deep within the brain or
other hard to reach areas, therefore it makes them harder to kill.
How do we tell the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria on a stain? -
ANSWER:Gram positive stains purple, has a thick wall, and don't decolorize. Gram negative have a
complex wall and can be decolorized.
Think positive = purple
What are the smallest types of pathogens? - ANSWER:virus
There is some bacteria that peacefully lives in our body normally. These types of bacteria are referred to
as... - ANSWER:resident flora
, ex: e.coli in intestines
Give some examples of direct transmission. - ANSWER:Kissing, touching, sexual contact
What are the three types of indirect transmission and how do they differ? - ANSWER:Vehicle: inanimate
(food, water, dust, instruments, meds)
Vector: animate; transmits from one host directly to another. (mosquitos, rodents, etc)
Airborne/Droplet: ventilation system, respiratory tract
Briefly explain the immune response defense mechanism. - ANSWER:recognition of foreign material
(antigen) by the body. The body then produces antibodies to fight the antigen, WBC destroy antigen
cells. Poor immune response = inc. risk for infection!
What is the difference between infection and inflammation? - ANSWER:Inflammation is the body's
protective and reparative response to some type of illness or injury. Infection is the actual disease taking
place in the body.
What are the 4 stages of infection? describe them - ANSWER:incubation: when the virus enters the body
(hours to months)
prodromal: when you first start to feel symptoms (MOST INFECTIOUS STAGE)
illness: specific symptoms present, diagnosed
convalescence: from having the sickness to when normal health returns
What is the best way to control the spread of pathogens? - ANSWER:hand washing
What's the difference between disinfection and sterilization? - ANSWER:disinfection = clean technique.
Destroys pathogens only
sterilization = type of surgical asepsis. free from living organisms and microorganisms
What's the difference between endogenous and exogenous sources? - ANSWER:endo: comes from
within the patient body. (skin, mucous membranes/tracts)
exo: organisms that come from external sources. (surgical instruments, medical devices, surgical team
members, air)
What are nosocomial infections and what are the types? - ANSWER:Nosocomial infections are hospital-
inquired infections.
Exogenous source: hospital environment or personnel
Endogenous source: from pathogens pt. harbors himself
Iatrogenic source: as a result of treatment or procedure
Which medication causes constipation? - ANSWER:iron supplements
The nurse measures a client's residual urine by catheterization after the client voids. Which condition
would this test verify? - ANSWER:urinary retention
When assisting a client from the bed into a wheelchair, the nurse assesses the client for signs of dizziness
upon standing. For what adverse condition is the nurse assessing the client? - ANSWER:orthrostatic
hypotension
The loss of urine without any identifiable pattern or warning is called... - ANSWER:urinary incontinence
_________ is a condition in which an inadequate amount of oxygen is available to cells. This results in
difficulty breathing, increased respiratory and pulse rates, and pale skin with regions of cyanosis. -
ANSWER:hypoxia
If there is decreased cardiac output, respiration rate will... - ANSWER:increase
What does pulse oximetry test? - ANSWER:the amount of oxygen saturation in the blood
The nurse schedules a pulmonary function test to measure the amount of air left in a client's lungs at
maximal expiration. What test does the nurse order? - ANSWER:Residual Volume
the total amount of air inhaled and exhaled with one breath is referred to as.... - ANSWER:Tidal volume
the amount of air contained within the lungs at maximum inspiration is referred to as... - ANSWER:Total
lung capacity
________ is used to increase the turbulence of exhaled air and loosen secretions from the lungs -
ANSWER:vibration
can be done before or after percussion
Define evisceration. - ANSWER:Evisceration occurs when contents of the body come out through a
wound/surgical incision site.
Define dehiscence. - ANSWER:Dehiscence occurs when a surgical incision site starts to "open at the
seams," usually occurs due to obesity.
While using the braden scale, the __________ the number, the higher the risk. - ANSWER:lower
think: the lower you're funtioning, the higher the risk
What are the 3 fundamental characteristics of wound assessment? - ANSWER:Age
Depth
,Color
What two age populations are at an increased risk for illness and injury? - ANSWER:Elderly and newborn
babies
Which of the following categories of health promotion is aimed at preventing illness?
A. primary
B. secondary
C. tertiary
D. restorative - ANSWER:A: primary.
Primary prevention aims to prevent a disease/complications as a whole. This would include a healthy
diet, exercise, and vaccinations/immunizations.
A nurse is working at a health fair that is offering blood screenings for diabetes and high cholesterol.
What level of health promotion is she helping to achieve? - ANSWER:Secondary prevention. This level of
prevention aims for early detection of a disease that already exists. So you would already have the
diabetes and not know it yet; a blood test would detect this early.
The chain of infection has 5 variables. The infectious agent (the virus/bacteria), the resovoir (phones,
bathrooms, door handles, water, plants and animals), the portal of exit (mouth, eyes, sneezing etc),
mode of transmission (touch, kissing, sexually transmitted), and portal of exit (same as someone else's
portal of exit). As a nurse, you should think of yourself as what variable of this process? - ANSWER:The
mode of transmission. That's why we practice things such as clean technique and surgical asepsis: we
can very well be a mode of transmission from one patient to another.
Mode of transmission is also things like kissing, sexually, touching etc
There are two types of bacteria: aerobic and anaerobic. Which is harder to kill and why? -
ANSWER:Anaerobic. Since they don't need oxygen, these bacteria usually lie deep within the brain or
other hard to reach areas, therefore it makes them harder to kill.
How do we tell the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria on a stain? -
ANSWER:Gram positive stains purple, has a thick wall, and don't decolorize. Gram negative have a
complex wall and can be decolorized.
Think positive = purple
What are the smallest types of pathogens? - ANSWER:virus
There is some bacteria that peacefully lives in our body normally. These types of bacteria are referred to
as... - ANSWER:resident flora
, ex: e.coli in intestines
Give some examples of direct transmission. - ANSWER:Kissing, touching, sexual contact
What are the three types of indirect transmission and how do they differ? - ANSWER:Vehicle: inanimate
(food, water, dust, instruments, meds)
Vector: animate; transmits from one host directly to another. (mosquitos, rodents, etc)
Airborne/Droplet: ventilation system, respiratory tract
Briefly explain the immune response defense mechanism. - ANSWER:recognition of foreign material
(antigen) by the body. The body then produces antibodies to fight the antigen, WBC destroy antigen
cells. Poor immune response = inc. risk for infection!
What is the difference between infection and inflammation? - ANSWER:Inflammation is the body's
protective and reparative response to some type of illness or injury. Infection is the actual disease taking
place in the body.
What are the 4 stages of infection? describe them - ANSWER:incubation: when the virus enters the body
(hours to months)
prodromal: when you first start to feel symptoms (MOST INFECTIOUS STAGE)
illness: specific symptoms present, diagnosed
convalescence: from having the sickness to when normal health returns
What is the best way to control the spread of pathogens? - ANSWER:hand washing
What's the difference between disinfection and sterilization? - ANSWER:disinfection = clean technique.
Destroys pathogens only
sterilization = type of surgical asepsis. free from living organisms and microorganisms
What's the difference between endogenous and exogenous sources? - ANSWER:endo: comes from
within the patient body. (skin, mucous membranes/tracts)
exo: organisms that come from external sources. (surgical instruments, medical devices, surgical team
members, air)
What are nosocomial infections and what are the types? - ANSWER:Nosocomial infections are hospital-
inquired infections.
Exogenous source: hospital environment or personnel
Endogenous source: from pathogens pt. harbors himself
Iatrogenic source: as a result of treatment or procedure
