10-25-2021 Rhonda Redd
Etiology: colonization of the vaginal introitus (F) or urethra (M) occur, and the organism ascends by way of
the urethra into the bladder. Local defense mechanisms in the bladder break down. Bacteria invade the
bladder mucosa and multiply. Bacteria can’t be readily eliminated by normal urination. The pathogens
resistance to prescribed antimicrobial therapy usually causes bacterial flare-up during treatment. Recurrent
UTI’s result from reinfection by the same organism or a new pathogen.
Teaching: Causes/Risk Factors:
prescribed drug therapy regimen, including drug Ur Infection by single gram-negative enteric
names, dosages, frequency, expected results, bacterium such as Escherichia coli (most
schedule of administration, and duration of therapy,
usually 7 to 10 days
in common)
Simultaneous infection with multiple
comfort measures, such as warm sitz baths and
compresses over the bladder ar pathogens
proper perineal hygiene care measures, including R/F – natural anatomic variations
wiping from front to back and avoiding feminine
hygiene sprays and douches
y Inadequate fluid consumption
Trauma or invasive procedure
disorder, diagnostic testing, and treatment,
including the need for completing antimicrobial
Tr Unitary catheter use
agents to eradicate the infection and the fact that Urinary tract obstructions/procedures
symptoms typically resolve within 3 days after ac Immunosuppressive conditions
starting drug therapy
Bowel incontinence
t Immobility
Treatments: Poor personal hygiene
Sitz bath or warm compress Inf Secual activity
Increased fluid intake
Avoidance of coffee, tea, alcohol, and soda ec Clinical Manifestations:
Urinary urgency and frequency
Antibiotic therapy - Bladder cramps or spasms; suprapubic pain
Doxycycline tio Pruritus
Feeling of burning during urination
Ciprofloxacin Nocturia or dysuria
Azithromycin n Urethral discharge (in men, urethritis)
Lower back or flank pain
Malaise and chills
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim - adverse
effects associated with antimicrobial (U Nausea and vomiting
Low-grade fever
Feeling of bladder fullness
therapy, such as photosensitivity
TI) Blood in urine
Changes in mental status may be the only sign in older adults
Diagnostics:
Laboratory - clean catch urinalysis, urine dipstick testing positive for blood, WBC’s, and nitrates, urine
culture with sensitivity, blood test or stained smear of urethral discharge may r/o sexually transmitted
infections.
Imaging - cystourethroscopy - may be performed to evaluate lower urinary tract structures, congenital
anomalies predisposing the patient to recurrent UTI’s, CT of abdomen and pelvis (with an without contrast)
may detect anatomic or physiologic factors associated with acute complicated UTI
Lippincott Advisor for Education, (2021). Urinary Tract Infection. Retrieved from https://advisor-
edu.lww.com/lna/document.do?bid=4&did=1009734
Etiology: colonization of the vaginal introitus (F) or urethra (M) occur, and the organism ascends by way of
the urethra into the bladder. Local defense mechanisms in the bladder break down. Bacteria invade the
bladder mucosa and multiply. Bacteria can’t be readily eliminated by normal urination. The pathogens
resistance to prescribed antimicrobial therapy usually causes bacterial flare-up during treatment. Recurrent
UTI’s result from reinfection by the same organism or a new pathogen.
Teaching: Causes/Risk Factors:
prescribed drug therapy regimen, including drug Ur Infection by single gram-negative enteric
names, dosages, frequency, expected results, bacterium such as Escherichia coli (most
schedule of administration, and duration of therapy,
usually 7 to 10 days
in common)
Simultaneous infection with multiple
comfort measures, such as warm sitz baths and
compresses over the bladder ar pathogens
proper perineal hygiene care measures, including R/F – natural anatomic variations
wiping from front to back and avoiding feminine
hygiene sprays and douches
y Inadequate fluid consumption
Trauma or invasive procedure
disorder, diagnostic testing, and treatment,
including the need for completing antimicrobial
Tr Unitary catheter use
agents to eradicate the infection and the fact that Urinary tract obstructions/procedures
symptoms typically resolve within 3 days after ac Immunosuppressive conditions
starting drug therapy
Bowel incontinence
t Immobility
Treatments: Poor personal hygiene
Sitz bath or warm compress Inf Secual activity
Increased fluid intake
Avoidance of coffee, tea, alcohol, and soda ec Clinical Manifestations:
Urinary urgency and frequency
Antibiotic therapy - Bladder cramps or spasms; suprapubic pain
Doxycycline tio Pruritus
Feeling of burning during urination
Ciprofloxacin Nocturia or dysuria
Azithromycin n Urethral discharge (in men, urethritis)
Lower back or flank pain
Malaise and chills
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim - adverse
effects associated with antimicrobial (U Nausea and vomiting
Low-grade fever
Feeling of bladder fullness
therapy, such as photosensitivity
TI) Blood in urine
Changes in mental status may be the only sign in older adults
Diagnostics:
Laboratory - clean catch urinalysis, urine dipstick testing positive for blood, WBC’s, and nitrates, urine
culture with sensitivity, blood test or stained smear of urethral discharge may r/o sexually transmitted
infections.
Imaging - cystourethroscopy - may be performed to evaluate lower urinary tract structures, congenital
anomalies predisposing the patient to recurrent UTI’s, CT of abdomen and pelvis (with an without contrast)
may detect anatomic or physiologic factors associated with acute complicated UTI
Lippincott Advisor for Education, (2021). Urinary Tract Infection. Retrieved from https://advisor-
edu.lww.com/lna/document.do?bid=4&did=1009734
