BIOC 3021 Chapter 11 Review Set Exam Study Guide.

©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 1 | P a g e BIOC 3021 Chapter 11 Review Set Exam Study Guide. Sterols - answeras hormones. have a perhydrocyclopentaneophenanthrene ring structure. not aromatic and not planar Fatty acids - answerlinear hydrocarbons with 1 carboxyl group at one end and many methylene groups in the side chain. generally have even number of C because they are synthesized and degraded 2 C at a time. most range from 12-24 C hydrophobic character increases as the chain length increases double bonds increases the solubility of the compounds in water and decreases their melting point Triaglycerols - answermajor storage lipids 3 FA esterified to glycerol relatively non-polar, highly reduced(saturated) Phosphoglycerols - answermembrane components. ©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2 | P a g e 2 FA, glycerol, phosphate, ionic or polar alcohol FA at position 2 = unsaturated FA at 1 = saturated phosphatidyl choline (lecithin) is its derivative Sphingolipids - answermembrane functions. similar overall structure and similar capacity in biological membranes Poluisoprenoid - answerresembles polymers of isoprene but have a very different biochemical origin. Vitamin A and beta-carotene. Which lipid types serve as energy storage material, membrane components, hormones, biological detergents, insulating material and vitamins? - answerEnergy storage - Triaglycerols Membrane components - phosphoglycerol (phospholipids) hormones - sterols biological detergents - bile acids Insulating material - phospholipid & sphingomyelin vitamins - polyisoprenoid What are the most common characteristics and functions of fatty acids, and how do these properties change with the size and degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid? - answercharacteristics: 1) highly hydrophobic (non-polar) so can be extracted into non-polar solvents (chloroform etc.) 2) most reduces of the biological polymers so can potentially release the most energy per gram upon biological oxidation. ©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 3 | P a g e 3) limited solubility in water, but often have some amphipathic character (some region of polarity) functions: 1) major energy storage material. 2) critical part of biological membranes 3) lipid derivatives (sterols) function as hormones 4) other derivatives (bile acids) are biological detergents (break up large complexes of dietary liked into smaller micelles). 5) sphingomyelin serves as insulating material for neurons 6) polyisoprenoid lipids serve as vitamins. Which classes of lipids contain esterified fatty acids? - answerTriaglycerols consists of 3 FA esterified to glycerol. Phosphatidic Acid has 2 FA esterified to glycerol. What characteristics determine the melting point and water solubility of a fatty acid? How do these properties affect the role of fatty acids in membrane phospholipids? - answermelting point increases with chain length. double bonds decreases melting point and increases solubility at temperature BELOW the melting point, they will be solid above melting point, exhibit fluid character What are saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and how do double bonds change the structure of a fatty acid from a linear to bent form? - answermono-un - 1 double bond poly-un - 2 or more double bonds