ARM PART A
Qualitative methods
2024-2025 RADBOUD UNIVERSITY
1
,Table of contents
Lecture 1 Research paradigms .......................................................................................................... 3
Lecture 2 Fundamentals of qualitative research ................................................................................. 4
Lecture 3 Plurality of qualitative research design ................................................................................ 6
Lecture 4 From data to theory ......................................................................................................... 11
Lecture 5 Writing it up ..................................................................................................................... 15
Article 1 Guba, Egon & Lincoln à competing paradigms in qualitative research ................................. 18
Article 2 Flick à designing qualitative research................................................................................ 21
Article 3 Langley & Abdallah à templates and turns in qualitative studies of strategy and management
...................................................................................................................................................... 23
Article 4 Blogpost à qualitative researchers: cherry-pickers or beachcombers? ............................... 25
Article 5 Symon & Cassel à qualitative organizational research: core methods and current challenges
...................................................................................................................................................... 25
Article 6 Gioia à Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research notes on the Gioia methodology ....... 27
Article 7 van den Brink & Benschop à Gender in academic networking............................................. 29
Article 8 Reay à Presenting findings from qualitative research ......................................................... 29
2
, Lecture 1 Research paradigms
Paradigm = the basic belief
system or worldview that guides
the investigator
- defines the way we see the world
and our fundamental
assumptions about the world
- it guides our decisions and our
understanding
- research paradigms describes
the ontological and
epistemological foundation of any
researcher and research
Ontology = what is reality, is
about whether there is a real
world, beyond what we think and perceive
- radical realism = there is a real world that exists regardless what we think and perceive
- radical nominalism = the world only exists
in our minds, without our minds, nothing is
real, issue = whether reality exists outside
us or only in our minds
Epistemology = what is knowledge, how
do you get knowledge
- positivism = objective and independent of
researcher
- anti-positivism = subjective, created by
interpretation, dependent on researcher
Four paradigms
Positivism Post-positivism Critical theory Constructivism
Ontology Objective reality that We can only Reality as something Specific/local, people
we can understand, understand it shaped by social, construct their own reality, no
perceive, no much imperfectly and political, cultural, one truth but di@erent truths
doubt with some economic, etc, over based on people’s experiences
probability, be time and influenced by
careful history
Epistemology Objective truths Findings are Knowledge influenced Knowledge is created by
discovered by probability, focus by values and context: people; findings are subjective,
analyzing facts on falsification, researchers work dependent on personal
Focus on verification knowledge is being together with experiences
enhanced together participants
Methodology Experimental, Modified Focus on chat and Interpretative ways of dialoges
quantitative experimental (past dialog between to understand how people
experimenten aan) researcher and come up with their own
quantitative and informant to create definitions
qualitative knowledge Hermenautical (situation in
Dialogic/dialectical which you map an individuals
situation) /dialectical
3
Qualitative methods
2024-2025 RADBOUD UNIVERSITY
1
,Table of contents
Lecture 1 Research paradigms .......................................................................................................... 3
Lecture 2 Fundamentals of qualitative research ................................................................................. 4
Lecture 3 Plurality of qualitative research design ................................................................................ 6
Lecture 4 From data to theory ......................................................................................................... 11
Lecture 5 Writing it up ..................................................................................................................... 15
Article 1 Guba, Egon & Lincoln à competing paradigms in qualitative research ................................. 18
Article 2 Flick à designing qualitative research................................................................................ 21
Article 3 Langley & Abdallah à templates and turns in qualitative studies of strategy and management
...................................................................................................................................................... 23
Article 4 Blogpost à qualitative researchers: cherry-pickers or beachcombers? ............................... 25
Article 5 Symon & Cassel à qualitative organizational research: core methods and current challenges
...................................................................................................................................................... 25
Article 6 Gioia à Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research notes on the Gioia methodology ....... 27
Article 7 van den Brink & Benschop à Gender in academic networking............................................. 29
Article 8 Reay à Presenting findings from qualitative research ......................................................... 29
2
, Lecture 1 Research paradigms
Paradigm = the basic belief
system or worldview that guides
the investigator
- defines the way we see the world
and our fundamental
assumptions about the world
- it guides our decisions and our
understanding
- research paradigms describes
the ontological and
epistemological foundation of any
researcher and research
Ontology = what is reality, is
about whether there is a real
world, beyond what we think and perceive
- radical realism = there is a real world that exists regardless what we think and perceive
- radical nominalism = the world only exists
in our minds, without our minds, nothing is
real, issue = whether reality exists outside
us or only in our minds
Epistemology = what is knowledge, how
do you get knowledge
- positivism = objective and independent of
researcher
- anti-positivism = subjective, created by
interpretation, dependent on researcher
Four paradigms
Positivism Post-positivism Critical theory Constructivism
Ontology Objective reality that We can only Reality as something Specific/local, people
we can understand, understand it shaped by social, construct their own reality, no
perceive, no much imperfectly and political, cultural, one truth but di@erent truths
doubt with some economic, etc, over based on people’s experiences
probability, be time and influenced by
careful history
Epistemology Objective truths Findings are Knowledge influenced Knowledge is created by
discovered by probability, focus by values and context: people; findings are subjective,
analyzing facts on falsification, researchers work dependent on personal
Focus on verification knowledge is being together with experiences
enhanced together participants
Methodology Experimental, Modified Focus on chat and Interpretative ways of dialoges
quantitative experimental (past dialog between to understand how people
experimenten aan) researcher and come up with their own
quantitative and informant to create definitions
qualitative knowledge Hermenautical (situation in
Dialogic/dialectical which you map an individuals
situation) /dialectical
3
