Inhaled Anesthesia Agents Review Exam
Questions and Answers
Determinants of delivery to the alveoli - Answers -1. Setting on vaporizer
2. Time Constant
3. Anatomic Dead Space
4. Alveolar Ventilation - (@ least 6L FGF)
5. Functional Residual Capacity
Is the MAC effect at the Brain? - Answers -None, the effect is at the spinal cord not the
brain
Why are hypothyroid patients more at risk for anethetic overdose? - Answers -
Hypothyroid patient will have a decreased CO leading to a decreased uptake and a
faster rate of rise in the FA/FI = more susceptible to anesthetic overdose.
How much more MAC do you often have to give to red heads (excess pheomelanin)? -
Answers -~ 19% more
What percentage of patient will not move with 1.3 MAC? - Answers -95% of the patients
@ 1 atm
List the Factors that increase MAC - Answers -Drugs that Increased catecholamines
(MAOI, ETOH, levodopa, cocaine, ephedrine)
Transplant Patients on cyclosporine
Hyperthermia
Hypernatremia
Chronic ETOH
excess pheomelanin (red heads)
List the factors that decrease MAC - Answers -Hypothermia
Age
Hyponatremia
Hypoxia
CABG
Acute ETOH
, pregnancy & postpartum
MAP <40mmhg
Drugs (nitrous oxide, opioids, IV anesthetics, Alpha-2-agonist/clonidine/precedex,
lithium, lidocaine, neuraxial opioids, verapamil, hydroxyzine, and THC)
The speed of induction, the recovery from inhalation anesthesia is dependent upon
what three things - Answers -solubility of agent
cardiac output
minute ventilation
How does increasing our flow rate affect alveolar concentration? - Answers -Increasing
flow rate increases PA/FA = increased concentration
How do Volatile Anesthtics effect the respiratory system? - Answers -depress the
respiratory system in a dose-dependent fashion
tidal volume is primarily affected, followed by the respiratory rate.
tidal volume is decreased
respiratory rate increases,
Determinants of removal of anesthetics from the aveoli - Answers -1. Solubility of gas
2. Cardiac Output
3. Aveolar-Venous partial pressure difference
Blood:Gas Partition Coefficient - Answers -a measure of the solubility of the anesthetic
agent
increased solubility = increased uptake
The amount of molecules of anesthetic in the blood vs the Gas.
Will an increase or decrease in the cardiac output increase the rate of FA/FI? - Answers
-Decreased cardiac output.
Time Constant - Answers -Capacity/Flow
How would an increase in aveolar-venous partial pressure difference, affect uptake? -
Answers -Increased uptake. More is being taken up into the tissues.
Questions and Answers
Determinants of delivery to the alveoli - Answers -1. Setting on vaporizer
2. Time Constant
3. Anatomic Dead Space
4. Alveolar Ventilation - (@ least 6L FGF)
5. Functional Residual Capacity
Is the MAC effect at the Brain? - Answers -None, the effect is at the spinal cord not the
brain
Why are hypothyroid patients more at risk for anethetic overdose? - Answers -
Hypothyroid patient will have a decreased CO leading to a decreased uptake and a
faster rate of rise in the FA/FI = more susceptible to anesthetic overdose.
How much more MAC do you often have to give to red heads (excess pheomelanin)? -
Answers -~ 19% more
What percentage of patient will not move with 1.3 MAC? - Answers -95% of the patients
@ 1 atm
List the Factors that increase MAC - Answers -Drugs that Increased catecholamines
(MAOI, ETOH, levodopa, cocaine, ephedrine)
Transplant Patients on cyclosporine
Hyperthermia
Hypernatremia
Chronic ETOH
excess pheomelanin (red heads)
List the factors that decrease MAC - Answers -Hypothermia
Age
Hyponatremia
Hypoxia
CABG
Acute ETOH
, pregnancy & postpartum
MAP <40mmhg
Drugs (nitrous oxide, opioids, IV anesthetics, Alpha-2-agonist/clonidine/precedex,
lithium, lidocaine, neuraxial opioids, verapamil, hydroxyzine, and THC)
The speed of induction, the recovery from inhalation anesthesia is dependent upon
what three things - Answers -solubility of agent
cardiac output
minute ventilation
How does increasing our flow rate affect alveolar concentration? - Answers -Increasing
flow rate increases PA/FA = increased concentration
How do Volatile Anesthtics effect the respiratory system? - Answers -depress the
respiratory system in a dose-dependent fashion
tidal volume is primarily affected, followed by the respiratory rate.
tidal volume is decreased
respiratory rate increases,
Determinants of removal of anesthetics from the aveoli - Answers -1. Solubility of gas
2. Cardiac Output
3. Aveolar-Venous partial pressure difference
Blood:Gas Partition Coefficient - Answers -a measure of the solubility of the anesthetic
agent
increased solubility = increased uptake
The amount of molecules of anesthetic in the blood vs the Gas.
Will an increase or decrease in the cardiac output increase the rate of FA/FI? - Answers
-Decreased cardiac output.
Time Constant - Answers -Capacity/Flow
How would an increase in aveolar-venous partial pressure difference, affect uptake? -
Answers -Increased uptake. More is being taken up into the tissues.
