INSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE
Suzanne S. Long
MONROE COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Asha M. Brunings
SANTA FE COLLEGE
Simran Banga
WESTERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY
Christine L. Case
SKYLINE COLLEGE
Microbiology
An Introduction
FOURTEENTH EDITION, GLOBAL EDITION
Gerard J. Tortora
Christine L. Case
Warner Bair III
Derek Weber
Berdell R. Funke
,Content Management: Frances Lai, Lara Braun
Content Production: Mike Early, Laura Perry, Tod Regan, Ziki Dekel, Lucinda Bingham,
Mireille Pfeffer, Straive, Lachina Creative.
Product Management: Serina Beauparlant, Jennifer McGill Walker
Product Marketing: Tim Galligan, Courtney Davis
Rights and Permissions: Ben Ferrini, Straive, Matt Perry
Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers make no representations about the suitability of the information contained in the documents
and related graphics published as part of the services for any purpose. All such documents and related graphics are provided “as is”
without warranty of any kind. Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers hereby disclaim all warranties and conditions with regard to
this information, including all warranties and conditions of merchantability, whether express, implied or statutory, fitness for a
particular purpose, title and non-infringement. In no event shall Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers be liable for any special,
indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of con-
tract, negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information available from
the services.
The documents and related graphics contained herein could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are peri-
odically added to the information herein. Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers may make improvements and/or changes in the
product(s) and/or the program(s) described herein at any time. Partial screen shots may be viewed in full within the software version
specified.
Microsoft® and Windows® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other countries. This book is not
sponsored or endorsed by or affiliated with the Microsoft Corporation.
Copyright © 2024 Pearson Education Ltd. 221 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. All Rights Reserved. Manufactured in the United
States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any
prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms, and the appropriate contacts within the
Pearson Education Global Rights and Permissions department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/.
Acknowledgments of third-party content appear on page 375, which constitutes an extension of this copyright page.
PEARSON, ALWAYS LEARNING, Mastering A&P, A&P Flix, and Interactive Physiology, are exclusive trademarks in the U.S.
and/or other countries owned by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates.
Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks, logos, or icons that may appear in this work are the property of their
respective owners, and any references to third-party trademarks, logos, icons, or other trade dress are for demonstrative or descriptive
purposes only. Such references are not intended to imply any sponsorship, endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson’s
products by the owners of such marks, or any relationship between the owner and Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates, authors,
licensees, or distributors.
ISBN 10: 0-13-794187-0
ISBN 13: 978-0-13-794187-2
,Instructor’s Guide Contents
PREFACE iv
INTRODUCTION v
CHAPTER 1 The Microbial World and You 1
CHAPTER 2 Chemical Principles 12
CHAPTER 3 Observing Microorganisms through a Microscope 24
CHAPTER 4 Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells 33
CHAPTER 5 Microbial Metabolism 47
CHAPTER 6 Microbial Growth 63
CHAPTER 7 The Control of Microbial Growth 78
CHAPTER 8 Microbial Genetics 88
CHAPTER 9 Biotechnology and DNA Technology 102
CHAPTER 10 Classification of Microorganisms 114
CHAPTER 11 The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea 125
CHAPTER 12 The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths 136
CHAPTER 13 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions 150
CHAPTER 14 Principles of Disease and Epidemiology 162
CHAPTER 15 Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity 176
CHAPTER 16 Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host 186
CHAPTER 17 Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host 196
CHAPTER 18 Practical Applications of Immunology 208
CHAPTER 19 Disorders Associated with the Immune System 218
CHAPTER 20 Antimicrobial Drugs 230
CHAPTER 21 Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes 242
CHAPTER 22 Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System 254
CHAPTER 23 Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems 266
CHAPTER 24 Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System 282
CHAPTER 25 Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System 296
CHAPTER 26 Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems 312
CHAPTER 27 Environmental Microbiology 325
CHAPTER 28 Applied and Industrial Microbiology 336
iii
, Preface
There is no substitute for an instructor’s interaction with students, and your presence stimulates a
student’s enthusiasm for learning. This Instructor’s Guide for Microbiology: An Introduction,
Fourteenth Edition, provides some new ideas and reinforcement for teaching your course. If you are just
beginning to teach microbiology, this guide can provide a framework for developing your course.
This guide is divided into two sections. The first section, Introduction, includes several alternative
course outlines for use with Microbiology: An Introduction, Fourteenth Edition. This section lists
sequences of topics and pertinent pages in the text for presenting microbial diseases by etiology
(taxonomic group), portal of entry, or method of transmission.
The second section contains chapter notes that include seven subsections: Learning Objectives, New
in This Edition, Chapter Summary, The Loop, Exploring the Microbiome, Answers, and Case Study.
The Learning Objectives section provides an overview of the chapter contents. They are the same as
the objectives in the text, and they are correlated to the Check Your Understanding questions in the
text.
Changes and additions new to this Fourteenth Edition are highlighted in the section New in This
Edition.
The chapter’s main points are highlighted in the Chapter Summary.
Cross-references to other chapters are listed in The Loop.
Exploring the Microbiome is a feature included in each chapter of the Fourteenth Edition. The
Exploring the Microbiome feature is summarized, prompts for discussion to use in your course, and
one or more links to relevant publications are included.
The Answers section consists of answers to the study questions found throughout the main textbook.
Answers to the Critical Thinking and Clinical Applications questions are not included in the Answers
section of the main text and will not be posted on Mastering™ Microbiology, so you can use these as
homework or test questions if you wish. Answers to the case histories discussed in the Disease in
Focus boxes in Chapters 21 through 26 are also provided.
The Case Studies require analysis and application of new information; additionally, many require
quantitative analysis. In General Microbiology at Skyline College, we make selected case studies
available for extra credit. The students can choose one or two to turn in. Many are suitable for use as
essay questions on tests; however, keep in mind that students will need time to think through the
problem.
iv
Suzanne S. Long
MONROE COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Asha M. Brunings
SANTA FE COLLEGE
Simran Banga
WESTERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY
Christine L. Case
SKYLINE COLLEGE
Microbiology
An Introduction
FOURTEENTH EDITION, GLOBAL EDITION
Gerard J. Tortora
Christine L. Case
Warner Bair III
Derek Weber
Berdell R. Funke
,Content Management: Frances Lai, Lara Braun
Content Production: Mike Early, Laura Perry, Tod Regan, Ziki Dekel, Lucinda Bingham,
Mireille Pfeffer, Straive, Lachina Creative.
Product Management: Serina Beauparlant, Jennifer McGill Walker
Product Marketing: Tim Galligan, Courtney Davis
Rights and Permissions: Ben Ferrini, Straive, Matt Perry
Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers make no representations about the suitability of the information contained in the documents
and related graphics published as part of the services for any purpose. All such documents and related graphics are provided “as is”
without warranty of any kind. Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers hereby disclaim all warranties and conditions with regard to
this information, including all warranties and conditions of merchantability, whether express, implied or statutory, fitness for a
particular purpose, title and non-infringement. In no event shall Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers be liable for any special,
indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of con-
tract, negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information available from
the services.
The documents and related graphics contained herein could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are peri-
odically added to the information herein. Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers may make improvements and/or changes in the
product(s) and/or the program(s) described herein at any time. Partial screen shots may be viewed in full within the software version
specified.
Microsoft® and Windows® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other countries. This book is not
sponsored or endorsed by or affiliated with the Microsoft Corporation.
Copyright © 2024 Pearson Education Ltd. 221 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. All Rights Reserved. Manufactured in the United
States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any
prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms, and the appropriate contacts within the
Pearson Education Global Rights and Permissions department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/.
Acknowledgments of third-party content appear on page 375, which constitutes an extension of this copyright page.
PEARSON, ALWAYS LEARNING, Mastering A&P, A&P Flix, and Interactive Physiology, are exclusive trademarks in the U.S.
and/or other countries owned by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates.
Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks, logos, or icons that may appear in this work are the property of their
respective owners, and any references to third-party trademarks, logos, icons, or other trade dress are for demonstrative or descriptive
purposes only. Such references are not intended to imply any sponsorship, endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson’s
products by the owners of such marks, or any relationship between the owner and Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates, authors,
licensees, or distributors.
ISBN 10: 0-13-794187-0
ISBN 13: 978-0-13-794187-2
,Instructor’s Guide Contents
PREFACE iv
INTRODUCTION v
CHAPTER 1 The Microbial World and You 1
CHAPTER 2 Chemical Principles 12
CHAPTER 3 Observing Microorganisms through a Microscope 24
CHAPTER 4 Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells 33
CHAPTER 5 Microbial Metabolism 47
CHAPTER 6 Microbial Growth 63
CHAPTER 7 The Control of Microbial Growth 78
CHAPTER 8 Microbial Genetics 88
CHAPTER 9 Biotechnology and DNA Technology 102
CHAPTER 10 Classification of Microorganisms 114
CHAPTER 11 The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea 125
CHAPTER 12 The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths 136
CHAPTER 13 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions 150
CHAPTER 14 Principles of Disease and Epidemiology 162
CHAPTER 15 Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity 176
CHAPTER 16 Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host 186
CHAPTER 17 Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host 196
CHAPTER 18 Practical Applications of Immunology 208
CHAPTER 19 Disorders Associated with the Immune System 218
CHAPTER 20 Antimicrobial Drugs 230
CHAPTER 21 Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes 242
CHAPTER 22 Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System 254
CHAPTER 23 Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems 266
CHAPTER 24 Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System 282
CHAPTER 25 Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System 296
CHAPTER 26 Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems 312
CHAPTER 27 Environmental Microbiology 325
CHAPTER 28 Applied and Industrial Microbiology 336
iii
, Preface
There is no substitute for an instructor’s interaction with students, and your presence stimulates a
student’s enthusiasm for learning. This Instructor’s Guide for Microbiology: An Introduction,
Fourteenth Edition, provides some new ideas and reinforcement for teaching your course. If you are just
beginning to teach microbiology, this guide can provide a framework for developing your course.
This guide is divided into two sections. The first section, Introduction, includes several alternative
course outlines for use with Microbiology: An Introduction, Fourteenth Edition. This section lists
sequences of topics and pertinent pages in the text for presenting microbial diseases by etiology
(taxonomic group), portal of entry, or method of transmission.
The second section contains chapter notes that include seven subsections: Learning Objectives, New
in This Edition, Chapter Summary, The Loop, Exploring the Microbiome, Answers, and Case Study.
The Learning Objectives section provides an overview of the chapter contents. They are the same as
the objectives in the text, and they are correlated to the Check Your Understanding questions in the
text.
Changes and additions new to this Fourteenth Edition are highlighted in the section New in This
Edition.
The chapter’s main points are highlighted in the Chapter Summary.
Cross-references to other chapters are listed in The Loop.
Exploring the Microbiome is a feature included in each chapter of the Fourteenth Edition. The
Exploring the Microbiome feature is summarized, prompts for discussion to use in your course, and
one or more links to relevant publications are included.
The Answers section consists of answers to the study questions found throughout the main textbook.
Answers to the Critical Thinking and Clinical Applications questions are not included in the Answers
section of the main text and will not be posted on Mastering™ Microbiology, so you can use these as
homework or test questions if you wish. Answers to the case histories discussed in the Disease in
Focus boxes in Chapters 21 through 26 are also provided.
The Case Studies require analysis and application of new information; additionally, many require
quantitative analysis. In General Microbiology at Skyline College, we make selected case studies
available for extra credit. The students can choose one or two to turn in. Many are suitable for use as
essay questions on tests; however, keep in mind that students will need time to think through the
problem.
iv
