BSN 266||BSN 266 LATEST MED SURG
HESI - LAB VALUES QUESTION
WITH ANSWERS WELL
ELABORATED (LATEST UPDATE) A+
GRADING
normal sodium levels (CORRECT ANSWER) 135 to 145 mEq/L
- FUNCTION: balances fluid volume, balances blood volume, regulates
nerve impulses
hyponatremia (CORRECT ANSWER) - body holds onto too much
water
- symptoms: nausea, headache, confusion, fatigue, irritability, confusion,
seizures, edema
- seizure alert!
- nursing interventions: assess patient's mental status, assess risk factors,
assist in correcting fluid/electrolyte imbalance, reorient patient
constantly, provide calm environment, implement seizure precautions,
assess vitals (heart rate and blood pressure)/EKG, daily weights, lab
values
hypernatremia (definition) (CORRECT ANSWER) - excess water loss,
inadequate water intake, excess sodium gain, causes hyperosmolarity
(increases thirst)
- shifts water out of cells --> cell shrinkage and dehydration
,- causes: too much salty food intake, loss of fluids (diarrhea, sweating,
diabetes insipidus), decreased sodium excretion (kidney
disease/dysfunction)
hypernatremia (signs and symptoms) (CORRECT ANSWER)
remember "FRIED SALT"
F-flushed skin and low grade fever
R-restless, irritable, anxious, confused
I-increased blood pressure, fluid retention
E-edema, peripheral and pitting
D-decreased urine output and dry mouth
S-skin flushed
A-agitation
L-low-grade fever
T-thrist
hypernatremia (treatment) (CORRECT ANSWER) - restrict sodium
intake
- educate patient on diet
- change/stop IV fluids
- administer IV due to volume loss
- administer diuretics that promote sodium loss (if due to inadequate
renal excretion)
, hyponatremia (definition) (CORRECT ANSWER) - excess of fluids =
dilution (CHF, hypotonic fluids, liver failure, excessive water intake)
- insufficient sodium intake = NPO, anorexia
- increased sodium excretion = remember the 4 D's (diuretics, diarrhea
and vomiting, dehydration and excessive sweating, drains not suctions)
hyponatremia (signs and symptoms) (CORRECT ANSWER) remember
"SALT LOSS"
- S-stupor, come
- A-anorexia, nausea/vomiting
- L-lethargy
- T-tendon reflexes decreased
- L-limp muscles (weakness)
- O-orthostatic hypotension
- S-seizures/headache
- S-stomach cramping
hyponatremia (treatment) (CORRECT ANSWER) - administer sodium
chloride infusion if due to hypovolemia
- give diuretics if due to hypervolemia
- if due to excessive H2O intake: restrict fluids and educate patient
- assess mental status to monitor change in LOC
- safety precautions: call light, bed alarm on
HESI - LAB VALUES QUESTION
WITH ANSWERS WELL
ELABORATED (LATEST UPDATE) A+
GRADING
normal sodium levels (CORRECT ANSWER) 135 to 145 mEq/L
- FUNCTION: balances fluid volume, balances blood volume, regulates
nerve impulses
hyponatremia (CORRECT ANSWER) - body holds onto too much
water
- symptoms: nausea, headache, confusion, fatigue, irritability, confusion,
seizures, edema
- seizure alert!
- nursing interventions: assess patient's mental status, assess risk factors,
assist in correcting fluid/electrolyte imbalance, reorient patient
constantly, provide calm environment, implement seizure precautions,
assess vitals (heart rate and blood pressure)/EKG, daily weights, lab
values
hypernatremia (definition) (CORRECT ANSWER) - excess water loss,
inadequate water intake, excess sodium gain, causes hyperosmolarity
(increases thirst)
- shifts water out of cells --> cell shrinkage and dehydration
,- causes: too much salty food intake, loss of fluids (diarrhea, sweating,
diabetes insipidus), decreased sodium excretion (kidney
disease/dysfunction)
hypernatremia (signs and symptoms) (CORRECT ANSWER)
remember "FRIED SALT"
F-flushed skin and low grade fever
R-restless, irritable, anxious, confused
I-increased blood pressure, fluid retention
E-edema, peripheral and pitting
D-decreased urine output and dry mouth
S-skin flushed
A-agitation
L-low-grade fever
T-thrist
hypernatremia (treatment) (CORRECT ANSWER) - restrict sodium
intake
- educate patient on diet
- change/stop IV fluids
- administer IV due to volume loss
- administer diuretics that promote sodium loss (if due to inadequate
renal excretion)
, hyponatremia (definition) (CORRECT ANSWER) - excess of fluids =
dilution (CHF, hypotonic fluids, liver failure, excessive water intake)
- insufficient sodium intake = NPO, anorexia
- increased sodium excretion = remember the 4 D's (diuretics, diarrhea
and vomiting, dehydration and excessive sweating, drains not suctions)
hyponatremia (signs and symptoms) (CORRECT ANSWER) remember
"SALT LOSS"
- S-stupor, come
- A-anorexia, nausea/vomiting
- L-lethargy
- T-tendon reflexes decreased
- L-limp muscles (weakness)
- O-orthostatic hypotension
- S-seizures/headache
- S-stomach cramping
hyponatremia (treatment) (CORRECT ANSWER) - administer sodium
chloride infusion if due to hypovolemia
- give diuretics if due to hypervolemia
- if due to excessive H2O intake: restrict fluids and educate patient
- assess mental status to monitor change in LOC
- safety precautions: call light, bed alarm on
