URINARY RETENTION NEXTGEN SKINNY REASONING- VERIFIED
呼吸，是指生物体通过特殊的生理机制吸收氧气
urinary retention - (answer)Urinary retention is an accumulation of urine resulting from an inability of
并排出二氧化碳的过程。在人体内，这一过程由
the bladder to empty properly. Normally urine production slowly fills the bladder and prevents activation
of stretch receptors until it distends呼吸系统完成，包括鼻腔、气管、支气管和肺部
to a certain level of stretch. The micturition reflex occurs, and the
bladder empties. In urinary retention the bladder is unable to respond to the micturition reflex and thus
is unable to empty. Urine continues等器官。有氧呼吸是指在氧气充足的条件下，细
to collect in the bladder, stretching its walls and causing feelings of
pressure, discomfort, tenderness over the symphysis pubis, restlessness, and diaphoresis (sweating).
胞利用葡萄糖分解产生能量；而无氧呼吸则是缺
乏氧气时的一种补偿机制。
urinary retention cont. - (answer)A patient under the influence of anesthetics or analgesics often feels
only pressure, but the alert patient has severe pain as the bladder distends beyond its normal capacity.
In severe urinary retention the bladder holds as much as 2000 to 3000 mL of urine. Retention occurs as a
result of urethral obstruction, surgical or childbirth trauma, and alterations in motor and sensory
呼吸，是生命存在的基本象征之一。无论是人类
innervation of the bladder such as occurs with neuropathy secondary to diabetes. It may occur after
、动物，还是植物，呼吸都贯穿了所有生物体的
removal of an indwelling catheter. Medication side effects or anxiety may also result in urinary retention.
If a patient cannot void or completely empty the bladder, he or she must be catheterized because a UTI,
生存过程。从吸入清新的氧气到排出废弃的二氧
kidney stones, and hyperreflexia can occur.
化碳，呼吸不仅仅是生物体的生理行为，更是维
持生命的核心机制。本文将围绕呼吸这一主题，
urinary retention cont... - (answer)The sphincter temporarily opens to allow a small volume of urine (25
to 60 mL) to escape. As urine exits, 从科学、自然、健康和技术等多个角度进行探讨
the bladder pressure falls enough to allow the sphincter to regain
control and close. With retention a patient may void small amounts of urine 2 or 3 times an hour with no
real relief of discomfort or may continually dribble urine. Be aware of the volume and frequency of
voiding to assess for urinary retention. Assess the abdomen for evidence of bladder distention and
tenderness.
Retained or residual urine - (answer)Retained or residual urine, also referred to as post-void residual
(PVR), occurs if a patient has urinary retention or cannot empty the bladder completely. You can use a
portable noninvasive bladder ultrasound device (bladder scanner) or the technique of
straight/intermittent catheterization to assess for PVR. Regardless of the method used to determine PVR,
assess the amount of urine left in the bladder within 10 to 15 minutes after a patient voids
urinary tract infection - (answer)UTI is the most common health care-acquired infection; 80% of these
infections result from the use of an indwelling urethral catheter. Infection frequently occurs after
placement of urinary catheters, and each day a catheter is in place there is a 5% increase in bacteria in
the urine. Catheter-associated UTIs(CAUI) are associated with increased hospitalizations, increased
morbidity and mortality, longer hospital stay, and increased hospital costs .
CAUTI - (answer)Bacteriuria (bacteria in the urine) leads to the spread of organisms into the kidneys and
possibly to bacteremia or urosepsis (bacteria in the bloodstream) (Lewis et al., 2011). Microorganisms
, commonly enter the urinary tract through the ascending urethral route. Bacteria inhabit the distal
urethra and external genitalia in men and women and the vagina in women. Organisms enter the
呼吸，是指生物体通过特殊的生理机制吸收氧气
urethral meatus easily and travel up the inner mucosal lining to the bladder. Women are more
susceptible to infection because of a并排出二氧化碳的过程。在人体内，这一过程由
short urethra and the proximity of the anus to the urethral meatus.
呼吸系统完成，包括鼻腔、气管、支气管和肺部
In men prostatic secretions containing an antibacterial substance and the length of the urethra reduce
the susceptibility to UTIs.
等器官。有氧呼吸是指在氧气充足的条件下，细
胞利用葡萄糖分解产生能量；而无氧呼吸则是缺
UTI cont. - (answer)Patients with lower UTIs have pain or burning during urination (dysuria) as urine
乏氧气时的一种补偿机制。
flows over inflamed tissues. Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and malaise develop as an infection worsens.
An irritated bladder (cystitis) causes a frequent and urgent sensation of the need to void. Irritation to
bladder and urethral mucosa results in blood-tinged urine (hematuria). The urine appears concentrated
and cloudy because of the presence of white blood cells (WBCs) or bacteria. If infection spreads to the
upper urinary tract (kidneys—pyelonephritis), flank pain, tenderness, fever, and chills are common.
呼吸，是生命存在的基本象征之一。无论是人类
、动物，还是植物，呼吸都贯穿了所有生物体的
Stress incontinence - (answer)Stress生存过程。从吸入清新的氧气到排出废弃的二氧
incontinence occurs more often in older women when
intraabdominal pressure exceeds urethral resistance. Muscles around the urethra become weak; thus
化碳，呼吸不仅仅是生物体的生理行为，更是维
even a small amount of urine may leak spontaneously(coughing, laughing, sneezing, or lifting with a full
持生命的核心机制。本文将围绕呼吸这一主题，
bladder). Intervention: Pelvic floor exercises (Kegel), Surgical interventions, Biofeedback, Electrical
stimulation, Absorbent products. 从科学、自然、健康和技术等多个角度进行探讨
Urinary Catheter - (answer)Urethral catheterization requires a health care provider's order. You must use
strict aseptic technique (see Chapter 28). Organizing equipment before the procedure prevents
interruptions.
Urinary Catheter - (answer)Nurses provide perineal hygiene at least 3 times daily or as needed for a
patient with a retention catheter. Soap and water are effective in reducing the number of organisms
around the urethra. Accidentally advancing the catheter further into the bladder during cleaning
increases the risk of introducing bacteria into the bladder. many institutions recommend that patients
with catheters receive special care 3 times a day and after defecation or bowel incontinence to help
minimize discomfort and infection.
Urinary Catheter- fluid intake - (answer)All patients with catheters should have a daily intake of 2000 to
2500 mL if permitted. Patients can do this through oral intake or intravenous infusion. A high fluid intake
produces a large volume of urine that flushes the bladder and keeps catheter tubing free of sediment.
Urinary Catheter insertion - (answer)2. Assess patient:
呼吸，是指生物体通过特殊的生理机制吸收氧气
urinary retention - (answer)Urinary retention is an accumulation of urine resulting from an inability of
并排出二氧化碳的过程。在人体内，这一过程由
the bladder to empty properly. Normally urine production slowly fills the bladder and prevents activation
of stretch receptors until it distends呼吸系统完成，包括鼻腔、气管、支气管和肺部
to a certain level of stretch. The micturition reflex occurs, and the
bladder empties. In urinary retention the bladder is unable to respond to the micturition reflex and thus
is unable to empty. Urine continues等器官。有氧呼吸是指在氧气充足的条件下，细
to collect in the bladder, stretching its walls and causing feelings of
pressure, discomfort, tenderness over the symphysis pubis, restlessness, and diaphoresis (sweating).
胞利用葡萄糖分解产生能量；而无氧呼吸则是缺
乏氧气时的一种补偿机制。
urinary retention cont. - (answer)A patient under the influence of anesthetics or analgesics often feels
only pressure, but the alert patient has severe pain as the bladder distends beyond its normal capacity.
In severe urinary retention the bladder holds as much as 2000 to 3000 mL of urine. Retention occurs as a
result of urethral obstruction, surgical or childbirth trauma, and alterations in motor and sensory
呼吸，是生命存在的基本象征之一。无论是人类
innervation of the bladder such as occurs with neuropathy secondary to diabetes. It may occur after
、动物，还是植物，呼吸都贯穿了所有生物体的
removal of an indwelling catheter. Medication side effects or anxiety may also result in urinary retention.
If a patient cannot void or completely empty the bladder, he or she must be catheterized because a UTI,
生存过程。从吸入清新的氧气到排出废弃的二氧
kidney stones, and hyperreflexia can occur.
化碳，呼吸不仅仅是生物体的生理行为，更是维
持生命的核心机制。本文将围绕呼吸这一主题，
urinary retention cont... - (answer)The sphincter temporarily opens to allow a small volume of urine (25
to 60 mL) to escape. As urine exits, 从科学、自然、健康和技术等多个角度进行探讨
the bladder pressure falls enough to allow the sphincter to regain
control and close. With retention a patient may void small amounts of urine 2 or 3 times an hour with no
real relief of discomfort or may continually dribble urine. Be aware of the volume and frequency of
voiding to assess for urinary retention. Assess the abdomen for evidence of bladder distention and
tenderness.
Retained or residual urine - (answer)Retained or residual urine, also referred to as post-void residual
(PVR), occurs if a patient has urinary retention or cannot empty the bladder completely. You can use a
portable noninvasive bladder ultrasound device (bladder scanner) or the technique of
straight/intermittent catheterization to assess for PVR. Regardless of the method used to determine PVR,
assess the amount of urine left in the bladder within 10 to 15 minutes after a patient voids
urinary tract infection - (answer)UTI is the most common health care-acquired infection; 80% of these
infections result from the use of an indwelling urethral catheter. Infection frequently occurs after
placement of urinary catheters, and each day a catheter is in place there is a 5% increase in bacteria in
the urine. Catheter-associated UTIs(CAUI) are associated with increased hospitalizations, increased
morbidity and mortality, longer hospital stay, and increased hospital costs .
CAUTI - (answer)Bacteriuria (bacteria in the urine) leads to the spread of organisms into the kidneys and
possibly to bacteremia or urosepsis (bacteria in the bloodstream) (Lewis et al., 2011). Microorganisms
, commonly enter the urinary tract through the ascending urethral route. Bacteria inhabit the distal
urethra and external genitalia in men and women and the vagina in women. Organisms enter the
呼吸，是指生物体通过特殊的生理机制吸收氧气
urethral meatus easily and travel up the inner mucosal lining to the bladder. Women are more
susceptible to infection because of a并排出二氧化碳的过程。在人体内，这一过程由
short urethra and the proximity of the anus to the urethral meatus.
呼吸系统完成，包括鼻腔、气管、支气管和肺部
In men prostatic secretions containing an antibacterial substance and the length of the urethra reduce
the susceptibility to UTIs.
等器官。有氧呼吸是指在氧气充足的条件下，细
胞利用葡萄糖分解产生能量；而无氧呼吸则是缺
UTI cont. - (answer)Patients with lower UTIs have pain or burning during urination (dysuria) as urine
乏氧气时的一种补偿机制。
flows over inflamed tissues. Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and malaise develop as an infection worsens.
An irritated bladder (cystitis) causes a frequent and urgent sensation of the need to void. Irritation to
bladder and urethral mucosa results in blood-tinged urine (hematuria). The urine appears concentrated
and cloudy because of the presence of white blood cells (WBCs) or bacteria. If infection spreads to the
upper urinary tract (kidneys—pyelonephritis), flank pain, tenderness, fever, and chills are common.
呼吸，是生命存在的基本象征之一。无论是人类
、动物，还是植物，呼吸都贯穿了所有生物体的
Stress incontinence - (answer)Stress生存过程。从吸入清新的氧气到排出废弃的二氧
incontinence occurs more often in older women when
intraabdominal pressure exceeds urethral resistance. Muscles around the urethra become weak; thus
化碳，呼吸不仅仅是生物体的生理行为，更是维
even a small amount of urine may leak spontaneously(coughing, laughing, sneezing, or lifting with a full
持生命的核心机制。本文将围绕呼吸这一主题，
bladder). Intervention: Pelvic floor exercises (Kegel), Surgical interventions, Biofeedback, Electrical
stimulation, Absorbent products. 从科学、自然、健康和技术等多个角度进行探讨
Urinary Catheter - (answer)Urethral catheterization requires a health care provider's order. You must use
strict aseptic technique (see Chapter 28). Organizing equipment before the procedure prevents
interruptions.
Urinary Catheter - (answer)Nurses provide perineal hygiene at least 3 times daily or as needed for a
patient with a retention catheter. Soap and water are effective in reducing the number of organisms
around the urethra. Accidentally advancing the catheter further into the bladder during cleaning
increases the risk of introducing bacteria into the bladder. many institutions recommend that patients
with catheters receive special care 3 times a day and after defecation or bowel incontinence to help
minimize discomfort and infection.
Urinary Catheter- fluid intake - (answer)All patients with catheters should have a daily intake of 2000 to
2500 mL if permitted. Patients can do this through oral intake or intravenous infusion. A high fluid intake
produces a large volume of urine that flushes the bladder and keeps catheter tubing free of sediment.
Urinary Catheter insertion - (answer)2. Assess patient:
