©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
26/11/2024 10:59AM
NR 283: Pathophysiology Exam 1 Verified
Solutions
Hypertrophy - Answers✓✓Increase in cell size - results in enlarged tissue mass
Examples of hypertrophy - Answers✓✓Enlarged heart resulting from increased demands
Effect of consistent exercise on skeletal muscle, leading to an enlarged muscle mass
Atrophy - Answers✓✓Decrease in cell size - results in reduced tissue mass
Example of atrophy - Answers✓✓Shrinkage of skeletal muscle that occurs when a limb is
immobilized in a cast for several weeks
Hyperplasia - Answers✓✓Increase in number of cells - results in enlarged tissue mass
Cause of hyperplasia - Answers✓✓Compensatory mechanism to meet increased demand or
pathologic when there is a hormonal imbalance
In some cases ________ and _______ can occur simultaneously, as in the uterine enlargement
that occurs during pregnancy - Answers✓✓Hyperplasia and hypertrophy
Metaplasia - Answers✓✓Mature cell type that is replaced by a different mature cell type
Adaptive mechanism that provides more resistance tissue
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
26/11/2024 10:59AM
Example of metaplasia - Answers✓✓Smoker cells
Dysplasia - Answers✓✓Abnormal growth or development of a tissue or organ
Cells vary in size and shape within a tissue
Large nuclei are frequently present
Rate of mitosis is increased
Causes of dysplasia - Answers✓✓Chronic irritation
Infection
Precancerous change
Neoplasia - Answers✓✓New growth, tumor
Ischemia - Answers✓✓Deficiency of oxygen in blood due to circulation obstruction
Most common cause of cell damage - Answers✓✓Ischemia
Hypoxia - Answers✓✓Deficiency in amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
Stages of cell damage - Answers✓✓Reversible and irreversible
Reversible cell damage - Answers✓✓Alteration of metabolic reaction, temporary loss of
function
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
26/11/2024 10:59AM
Irreversible cell damage - Answers✓✓Cell dies
Necrosis - Answers✓✓Group of cells die
Fluid compartments - Answers✓✓Intercellular fluid (ICF) compartment
Extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment
Extracellular fluid compartments - Answers✓✓Intravascular fluid (IVF) or blood/plasma
Interstital fluid (ISF) or intercellular fluid
Osmosis - Answers✓✓movement of water down a concentration gradient
Hydrostatic pressure - Answers✓✓Originates at arterial side and gets weaker
Hydrostatic - Answers✓✓"Pushing out"
Arteriolar end of the capillary
Osmotic - Answers✓✓"Pulling in"
Venous end of the capillary
Aldosterone - Answers✓✓Hormone that controls sodium absorption in water
Edema - Answers✓✓Excess fluid in the interstitial compartment
26/11/2024 10:59AM
NR 283: Pathophysiology Exam 1 Verified
Solutions
Hypertrophy - Answers✓✓Increase in cell size - results in enlarged tissue mass
Examples of hypertrophy - Answers✓✓Enlarged heart resulting from increased demands
Effect of consistent exercise on skeletal muscle, leading to an enlarged muscle mass
Atrophy - Answers✓✓Decrease in cell size - results in reduced tissue mass
Example of atrophy - Answers✓✓Shrinkage of skeletal muscle that occurs when a limb is
immobilized in a cast for several weeks
Hyperplasia - Answers✓✓Increase in number of cells - results in enlarged tissue mass
Cause of hyperplasia - Answers✓✓Compensatory mechanism to meet increased demand or
pathologic when there is a hormonal imbalance
In some cases ________ and _______ can occur simultaneously, as in the uterine enlargement
that occurs during pregnancy - Answers✓✓Hyperplasia and hypertrophy
Metaplasia - Answers✓✓Mature cell type that is replaced by a different mature cell type
Adaptive mechanism that provides more resistance tissue
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
26/11/2024 10:59AM
Example of metaplasia - Answers✓✓Smoker cells
Dysplasia - Answers✓✓Abnormal growth or development of a tissue or organ
Cells vary in size and shape within a tissue
Large nuclei are frequently present
Rate of mitosis is increased
Causes of dysplasia - Answers✓✓Chronic irritation
Infection
Precancerous change
Neoplasia - Answers✓✓New growth, tumor
Ischemia - Answers✓✓Deficiency of oxygen in blood due to circulation obstruction
Most common cause of cell damage - Answers✓✓Ischemia
Hypoxia - Answers✓✓Deficiency in amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
Stages of cell damage - Answers✓✓Reversible and irreversible
Reversible cell damage - Answers✓✓Alteration of metabolic reaction, temporary loss of
function
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
26/11/2024 10:59AM
Irreversible cell damage - Answers✓✓Cell dies
Necrosis - Answers✓✓Group of cells die
Fluid compartments - Answers✓✓Intercellular fluid (ICF) compartment
Extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment
Extracellular fluid compartments - Answers✓✓Intravascular fluid (IVF) or blood/plasma
Interstital fluid (ISF) or intercellular fluid
Osmosis - Answers✓✓movement of water down a concentration gradient
Hydrostatic pressure - Answers✓✓Originates at arterial side and gets weaker
Hydrostatic - Answers✓✓"Pushing out"
Arteriolar end of the capillary
Osmotic - Answers✓✓"Pulling in"
Venous end of the capillary
Aldosterone - Answers✓✓Hormone that controls sodium absorption in water
Edema - Answers✓✓Excess fluid in the interstitial compartment
