What is the function of the citric acid cycle? - ANSWER Harvest high-energy
electrons from carbon fuels
What product is found by the condensation of oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA? -
ANSWER Citrate
What makes up citrate? - ANSWER - Acetyl CoA
- Oxaloacetate
What is the intermediate between citrate and isocitrate? - ANSWER Cis-
aconitate
Where is succinate dehydrogenase located? - ANSWER Inner membrane of
mitochondria
What intermediate in the citric acid cycle is at both the beginning and end of the
cycle? - ANSWER Oxaloacetate
What is the product of the complete oxidation of carbon in the citric acid cycle?
- ANSWER Carbon Dioxide
What name is suggested for associated multienzyme complexes in metabolism?
- ANSWER Metabolon
What substance is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase? -
ANSWER Melonate
What is the primary control point of the citric acid cycle? - ANSWER
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
What is the name applied to metabolic reactions that replenish the citric acid
cycle intermediates that are depleted because they were used for biosynthesis? -
ANSWER Anaplerotic reactions
,What form are the carbons from carbohydrates in when they enter the citric acid
cycle? - ANSWER Acetyl CoA
What is produced by a substrate-level phosphorylation in the citric cycle? -
ANSWER GTP
What state is the free energy at the standard state for MDH in the direction of
the citric acid in? - ANSWER Positive
What type of reactions fill up a cycle with outside carbon compounds? -
ANSWER Anaplerotic reactions
What enzyme in the citric acid cycle is also an example of an iron-sulfur
protein? - ANSWER Aconitase or succinate dehydrogenase
What organelles in plants and some bacteria where two-carbon acetyl units are
converted into four-carbon units (succinate) for glucose synthesis. energy
production. and biosynthesis? - ANSWER Glyoxysomes
Which intermediate in the oxidation of isocitrate is decarboxylated to form
alpha-ketoglutarate? - ANSWER Oxalosuccinate
What energy conditions (high or low) is the citric acid cycle inhibited by? -
ANSWER High
What is the first intermediate to be oxidized in the citric acid cycle? -
ANSWER Isocitrate
What cycle are organisms that can convert fat into sugar use? - ANSWER
Glyoxylate cycle
What would a mutation in the active site of a succinyl CoA synthetase where
His is converted to a lysine would result in? - ANSWER The loss of a succinyl
phosphate intermediate
What molecule initiates the citric acid cycle by reacting with oxaloacetate? -
ANSWER Acetyl CoA
, What enzyme in muscle is used to catalyze a substrate-level phosphorylation? -
ANSWER Succinyl CoA synthetase
Where does the direct channeling of proteins from one enzyme to the next
happen? - ANSWER Metabolon
What vitamins are precursors to coenzymes that are necessary for the formation
of succinyl CoA from alpha-ketoglutarate? - ANSWER - Thiamine
- Riboflavin
- Niacin
- Lipoic acid
- Pantothenic acid
What is the isomerization of citrate catalyzed by? - ANSWER Aconitase
What type of reaction is the formation of citrate from acetyl CoA and
oxaloacetate? - ANSWER Condensation reaction
What us/are the chemical change(s) involved in the conversion of citrate into
isocitrate? - ANSWER - Dehydration
- Followed by Hydration
Which reaction is ATP directly formed in the citrate acid cycle? - ANSWER
Conversion of succinyl CoA to succinate
In which step of the citric acid cycle is FADH2 formed? - ANSWER The
conversion of succinate to oxaloacetate
Which compound is oxidized by a multienzyme complex that requires 5
different coenzymes? - ANSWER Alpha-ketoglutarate
What is the structure of alpha-ketoglutarate? - ANSWER -O2C-CH2-CH2-
C(double bonded to O, bonded to CO2-)
What does succinate dehydrogenase deficiency or genetic mutation result in? -
ANSWER Cancer through HIF-1
electrons from carbon fuels
What product is found by the condensation of oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA? -
ANSWER Citrate
What makes up citrate? - ANSWER - Acetyl CoA
- Oxaloacetate
What is the intermediate between citrate and isocitrate? - ANSWER Cis-
aconitate
Where is succinate dehydrogenase located? - ANSWER Inner membrane of
mitochondria
What intermediate in the citric acid cycle is at both the beginning and end of the
cycle? - ANSWER Oxaloacetate
What is the product of the complete oxidation of carbon in the citric acid cycle?
- ANSWER Carbon Dioxide
What name is suggested for associated multienzyme complexes in metabolism?
- ANSWER Metabolon
What substance is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase? -
ANSWER Melonate
What is the primary control point of the citric acid cycle? - ANSWER
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
What is the name applied to metabolic reactions that replenish the citric acid
cycle intermediates that are depleted because they were used for biosynthesis? -
ANSWER Anaplerotic reactions
,What form are the carbons from carbohydrates in when they enter the citric acid
cycle? - ANSWER Acetyl CoA
What is produced by a substrate-level phosphorylation in the citric cycle? -
ANSWER GTP
What state is the free energy at the standard state for MDH in the direction of
the citric acid in? - ANSWER Positive
What type of reactions fill up a cycle with outside carbon compounds? -
ANSWER Anaplerotic reactions
What enzyme in the citric acid cycle is also an example of an iron-sulfur
protein? - ANSWER Aconitase or succinate dehydrogenase
What organelles in plants and some bacteria where two-carbon acetyl units are
converted into four-carbon units (succinate) for glucose synthesis. energy
production. and biosynthesis? - ANSWER Glyoxysomes
Which intermediate in the oxidation of isocitrate is decarboxylated to form
alpha-ketoglutarate? - ANSWER Oxalosuccinate
What energy conditions (high or low) is the citric acid cycle inhibited by? -
ANSWER High
What is the first intermediate to be oxidized in the citric acid cycle? -
ANSWER Isocitrate
What cycle are organisms that can convert fat into sugar use? - ANSWER
Glyoxylate cycle
What would a mutation in the active site of a succinyl CoA synthetase where
His is converted to a lysine would result in? - ANSWER The loss of a succinyl
phosphate intermediate
What molecule initiates the citric acid cycle by reacting with oxaloacetate? -
ANSWER Acetyl CoA
, What enzyme in muscle is used to catalyze a substrate-level phosphorylation? -
ANSWER Succinyl CoA synthetase
Where does the direct channeling of proteins from one enzyme to the next
happen? - ANSWER Metabolon
What vitamins are precursors to coenzymes that are necessary for the formation
of succinyl CoA from alpha-ketoglutarate? - ANSWER - Thiamine
- Riboflavin
- Niacin
- Lipoic acid
- Pantothenic acid
What is the isomerization of citrate catalyzed by? - ANSWER Aconitase
What type of reaction is the formation of citrate from acetyl CoA and
oxaloacetate? - ANSWER Condensation reaction
What us/are the chemical change(s) involved in the conversion of citrate into
isocitrate? - ANSWER - Dehydration
- Followed by Hydration
Which reaction is ATP directly formed in the citrate acid cycle? - ANSWER
Conversion of succinyl CoA to succinate
In which step of the citric acid cycle is FADH2 formed? - ANSWER The
conversion of succinate to oxaloacetate
Which compound is oxidized by a multienzyme complex that requires 5
different coenzymes? - ANSWER Alpha-ketoglutarate
What is the structure of alpha-ketoglutarate? - ANSWER -O2C-CH2-CH2-
C(double bonded to O, bonded to CO2-)
What does succinate dehydrogenase deficiency or genetic mutation result in? -
ANSWER Cancer through HIF-1
