BIOLOGY 201 MIDTERM PRACTICE EXAM

The molecular composition of cells
4 main organic molecules for living organisms - ANSWER -carbohydrates
-proteins
-Lipids
-nucleic acids
*all have a carbon backbone to the molecule with hydrogen and oxygen making
all four organic molecules
*All are macromolecules


How are organic molecules built from subunits/ monomers?
How are they broken apart? - ANSWER -organic molecules are built from
sub-units and join together through dehydration synthesis (breaking water
down)
-to break them down back into monomers they must create water/ hydration


monomer - ANSWER -single unit (ex, lipids, amino acids, sugars)


polymer - ANSWER -repeating unit (ex, carbohydrate, proteins, nucleic acids)


Carbohydrates - ANSWER -most abundant organic molecule
-2 main functions
=energy storage and energy transport
=structure
->50% of plant biomass

, Monosaccharides - ANSWER -one sub unit(glucose)
-(CH2O)n
=n equals the number of carbons in the bond
-hydrophilic


Disaccharide - ANSWER -2 sub units(sucrose)
-2 monosaccharides bonded together
-sucrose: glucose + fructose
-transports chemical energy to plants


Polysaccarides - ANSWER -multiple sugars/ more than two sugars
-energy storage
-plants:starch and fructose
-animals, fungi and bacteria: glycogen
=fungi are more closely related to animals than plants


carbonyl group - ANSWER -where oxygen is double bonded to carbon


hydroxyl group - ANSWER -OH


What two forms can sugars come in? - ANSWER - chain or ring


Dehydration synthesis - ANSWER -loose 1 H2O
-energy is required