Nagelhout Pharm 1- Exam 3 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers

Nagelhout Pharm 1- Exam 3 UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
General Cardiac Effects of Opiates - CORRECT ANSWER Little to no effect
Minimal bradycardia
Effects more pronounced in shock or ambulating patients


Groups of Endogenous Opioid Peptides (5) - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Enkephalins
a. Leu-enkephalin
b. Met-enkephalin
2. β -Endorphin
3. Dynorphins
a. Dynorphin
b. α-Neoendorphin
4. Endomorphin 1 and Endomorphin 2
5. Nociceptin


Precursor to Enkephalins - CORRECT ANSWER Proenkephalin A



Precursor to β-Endophins - CORRECT ANSWER Pro-opiomelanocortin (Pro-OMC)



Precursor to Dynorphins - CORRECT ANSWER Prodynorphin



Precursor to Endomorpins 1 & 2 - CORRECT ANSWER Unknown



Precursor to Nociceptin - CORRECT ANSWER Pronociceptin

, Location of endogenous opioid peptides - CORRECT ANSWER Brain & Spinal cord
(second highest concentration in GI)


Analgesic mechanism of action of opioids - CORRECT ANSWER Actives opioid
receptors on pre-synaptic "pain pathway" nerve → prevents release of substance P (or
bradykinin/acetylcholine) to post-synaptic nerve


Analgesic mechanism of action of endogenous endorphins - CORRECT ANSWER
Endorphins released from pre-synaptic "pain relieving" nerve → pre-synaptic "pain producing
nerve" → prevents release of substance P (or bradykinin/acetylcholine) to post-synaptic nerve


3 classes of opiate receptors - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Mu µ
2. Kappa κ
3. Delta δ


Mu receptors effects (11) - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Analgesia (supraspinal and spinal)
(Mu-1 in animals)
2. Euphoria & sedation
3. Physical dependence
4. Depression of respirations (Mu-2 in animals)
5. Miosis
6. Constipation
7. Urinary retention
8. Bradycardia
9. Pruritus
10. Skeletal rigidity
11. Biliary spasm